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Revisiting the Link between Maternal Employment and School-Aged Children Health Status in Developing Countries: An Instrumental Variable Approach

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  • Risti Permani

    (School of Economics, University of Adelaide)

Abstract

This study analyses the link between maternal employment and the health status of the child. Using data from Indonesia, it uses mothers' risk averse measures, households' recent flood and drought experience, and the interactions between risk measures and experience of recent natural disasters to explain endogenous maternal employment as proxied by mothers' working hours. Critical values based on Stock and Yogo (2002) suggest that these are strong instruments. Moreover, the Hausman test suggests that the Instrumental Variable method is preferred to the Ordinary Least Squares method. However, estimates across differing specifications consistently suggest insignificant effects of maternal employment on children's health status. However, a mother's education and her health knowledge are important for child's well-being. In contrast, school's lunch programs, sanitation, sports and health facilities are not significantly associated with child's well-being. The results emphasise the roles of family compared to schools, in particular the roles of mothers in improving their children's well-being. In addition, there still seems to be inequality in the well-being of children between in urban and rural areas. Finally, this study finds no significant evidence of the link between hiring a domestic assistant, outside food consumption and a child's well-being.

Suggested Citation

  • Risti Permani, 2011. "Revisiting the Link between Maternal Employment and School-Aged Children Health Status in Developing Countries: An Instrumental Variable Approach," School of Economics and Public Policy Working Papers 2011-21, University of Adelaide, School of Economics and Public Policy.
    • Handle: RePEc:adl:wpaper:2011-21
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    File URL: https://media.adelaide.edu.au/economics/papers/doc/wp2011-21.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mari Bhat, P. N., 2002. "Returning a Favor: Reciprocity Between Female Education and Fertility in India," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 30(10), pages 1791-1803, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sanjaya, Muhammad Ryan, 2013. "On the source of risk aversion in Indonesia using micro data 2007," Economics Discussion Papers 2013-33, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    maternal employment; school-aged children; children health status; instrumental variable; height z-score; Indonesian households; risk aversion; outside food consumption; domestic assistant;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

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