Fertilizing the Indian Milieu of Ocular and Plastic Surgery in Delhi: The Role of a Global Agent

Developing the creativity of territories is a major challenge that increasingly questions policy makers and private organizations involved in the development of the economy and innovation at the level of a city, a country or a region. After having stressed the importance of attracting a creative class of workers (engineers, scientists, professors, architects, poets; Florida, 2002), the literature on creative territories has shown that local innovation is based on the existence and articulation between three creative layers. The upperground composed of formal companies, organizations and institutions; the underground composed of individuals and communities informally involved in various types of creative activities (artistic or scientific) and the middleground. Positioned as the central layer of creative territories, the middleground plays the pivotal role of fostering links and the transfer of ideas between upperground and underground layers. As developed in Chapter 1, it consists of various physical spaces (cafés, fab labs, co-design workshops) or cognitive places (platforms) favouring the construction of new ideas and their diffusion through various events and projects…