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Education

In: VALUES AT THE CORE How Human Values Contribute to the Rise of Nations

Author

Listed:
  • Thomas Grandjean
  • ChinHwee Tan

Abstract

In November 2001, the OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) Program for International Student Assessment, more commonly known as PISA, published its first international study and country ranking for reading, mathematics, and science literacy, administering tests in the previous 12 to 18 months to more than 250,000 15-year-old students across 32 countries. Although the methodology used to collect data and rank countries has been criticized, on a whole, the PISA studies are viewed as a fair representation of the level of education around the world. As expected, East Asian countries performed well. But the real surprise was Finland, ranked 1st in reading, 4th in mathematics, and 3rd in science. Not only did Finnish students score very highly, they did so across the country, irrespective of the school they attended. This came as a surprise to the Finns: they knew they had good schools, but maybe not that good. Some treated the results as a one-off statistical anomaly. But as subsequent PISA rankings were released in 2004 and 2007, Finnish students remained among the best performers…

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Grandjean & ChinHwee Tan, 2020. "Education," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: VALUES AT THE CORE How Human Values Contribute to the Rise of Nations, chapter 8, pages 111-126, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:wschap:9789811228537_0008
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Values; Culture; Growth; Economic Growth; Development; Hard Work; Thrift; Trust; Social trust; Risk-Taking; China; Confucianism; Protestant Work Ethic; Policies; Political Stability; Free Markets; Education; Corruption; Rule of Law; Fiscal Policy; Monetary Policy; Covid-19; Coronavirus;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • P16 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State
    • O1 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O12 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Microeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O23 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Development Planning and Policy - - - Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Development

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