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Science Dialogues

In: Professional Generalism in a Hyper-specialised World

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  • Nektarios Karanikas

    (Queensland University of Technology)

Abstract

This chapter explores the complex interplay between exact, hybrid, and inexact sciences, arguing against strict divisions. It emphasises that while exact sciences deal primarily with observable phenomena and material energy, hybrid and inexact sciences focus on interpreting immaterial energy and its interactions with the physical world. While the chapter highlights that all scientific approaches have validity within their domains, it acknowledges that exact sciences achieve higher validity as they study material energy. Hybrid and inexact sciences face greater challenges with establishing validity as they investigate mainly immaterial energy. The chapter also emphasises the essential role of immaterial energy sciences in raising awareness, providing interpretative frameworks, and serving as guardians of humanity alongside exact sciences. It argues that professional practice benefits most when these scientific domains work in harmony, each contributing their unique perspectives and methodologies. The chapter concludes by advocating for greater collaboration between scientific families, acknowledging that while exact sciences establish observable cause-effect relationships, hybrid sciences provide explanations, and inexact sciences offer interpretations. They are all necessary for a complete understanding of professional practice.

Suggested Citation

  • Nektarios Karanikas, 2025. "Science Dialogues," Springer Books, in: Professional Generalism in a Hyper-specialised World, chapter 0, pages 95-106, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-981-96-4039-3_9
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-96-4039-3_9
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