Halal Fisheries and Aquaculture: Science-Driven Sustainability Practices

Aquatic products are rich sources of protein, essential fatty acids, nutraceuticals as well as other essential micronutrients. The increasing demand for aquatic products has, thus led to rising prominence and role of both capture fisheries and aquaculture. Aquaculture, however, is facing enormous challenges such as concerning the halal supply chain and halalan toyyiban, the feed issue, fish health and disease, contamination, sustainability, and negative consequences of domestication. Therefore, this review explores the integration of scientific principles and technologies to promote sustainability in halal fisheries and aquaculture. The information and data were collated from various literature resources and databases including Science Direct, PubMed, Wiley, Springer, Taylor and Francis, Inflibnet, Scopus, Google, and Google Scholar using relevant keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) such as “halal fisheries and aquaculture”, “sustainability and aquaculture”, “halal and halalan toyyiban”. The major challenges being faced in halal fisheries and aquaculture include varying interpretations of halal requirements, lack of standardized global halal certification, balancing economic viability with environmental and social sustainability, ensuring compliance with both halal and sustainability standards, and addressing the lack of awareness and education among stakeholders. There are, however, several opportunities that can be harnessed by leveraging technological advancements to enhance sustainability, expanding market opportunities through certifications, and promoting research and development to improve sustainable practices in halal aquaculture.