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France: Credit Control and Formalization of Banking Supervision

In: Formalization of Banking Supervision

Author

Listed:
  • Eiji Hotori

    (Yokohama National University)

  • Mikael Wendschlag

    (Uppsala University)

  • Thibaud Giddey

    (University of Oxford)

Abstract

The banking supervision in France was formalized with the Banking Acts of 1941 and of 1945. In 1941, the Banking Control Commission as the supervisory agency was created, and rigid financial regulation such as a minimum capital requirement and a separation of banking types was introduced. In connection to the 1941 Act, the four largest commercial banks in France were also nationalized. However, with the German occupation and the wartime situation, the formalization of banking supervision was only completed with the Banking Act of 1945. The essential contents of the 1941 Act were upheld, but the supervisory agency was given a lot of measures to enforce bank regulation. Especially, authorization of rigid penalties enhanced effectiveness of supervisory activities. The main drivers of the formalization of banking supervision in France were the policy measures undertaken during the Vichy regime and the Liberation Government’s measures. In the post-Second World War era, the banking supervisory system was used mainly to enforce credit control policy actions, in a period of economic recovery and reconstruction. The banking act of January 1984 decompartmentalized the banking system and changed the institutions of supervision.

Suggested Citation

  • Eiji Hotori & Mikael Wendschlag & Thibaud Giddey, 2022. "France: Credit Control and Formalization of Banking Supervision," Springer Books, in: Formalization of Banking Supervision, chapter 0, pages 113-124, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-981-16-6783-1_8
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-6783-1_8
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