Developing Roadmaps for the Mandatory Use of Building Information Modeling: Lessons from Singapore and the UK

The government intervention and mandates are good drivers for building information modeling (BIM) implementation. However, it is still unclear how and when to make such mandates. This study aims to investigate the roadmaps of BIM mandating in two benchmark countries, namely, Singapore and the UK. The results demonstrate that a two-phase development pattern is observed. In the first phase, considerable focus is often placed on one specific implementation area (e.g., the building sector) to rapidly increase the use of BIM. In this phase, mandating the BIM is an effective measure. Standards that provide guidance on BIM implementation are also important. In the second phase, the use of BIM is expanded to other implementation areas, such as infrastructure and smart city and improved to a higher collaboration level. Correspondingly, the standards and guidance are extended to these new implementation areas and higher collaboration requirements. General roadmap for the mandatory use of BIM is also presented. The results can provide a useful reference for countries and regions that intend to develop roadmaps to increase their BIM maturity level and enhance readiness to accept and implement BIM.