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Introduction

In: The Political Economy of Contemporary Human Civilisation, Volume II

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  • Sangaralingam Ramesh

    (University of Oxford)

Abstract

This chapter examines the transformative impact of technological evolution on human civilization, tracing its effects from early milestones such as the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions to the current advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, quantum computing, and nuclear fusion. It underscores how each technological leap has historically redefined social hierarchies, economic structures, and political power. While these innovations have driven unprecedented economic growth and global progress, they have also exacerbated inequalities and geopolitical tensions. The chapter also explores the synergy between modern technologies, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize industries and address global challenges such as energy sustainability. However, it warns of risks like job displacement, economic polarization, and the concentration of technological dominance in a few nations. Drawing from historical parallels, the chapter advocates for equitable governance to ensure these emerging technologies serve humanity collectively. It sets the stage for further exploration of their socio-economic and political implications in the context of global development.

Suggested Citation

  • Sangaralingam Ramesh, 2025. "Introduction," Springer Books, in: The Political Economy of Contemporary Human Civilisation, Volume II, chapter 0, pages 1-16, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:sprchp:978-3-031-84185-9_1
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-84185-9_1
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