Integration Mechanisms for Financing Green Economy in the Region in Industry 4.0 for Strategic Security: Public–Private Partnership vs. Clustering

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to determine the contribution of integration mechanisms—PPP and clustering—to the financing of the development of the green economy in the regions of Russia, as well as to develop recommendations for maximizing this contribution through the use of Industry 4.0 opportunities in the interests of strategic ensuring the environmental security of the Russian regional economy. Design/methodology/approach: The regression analysis method determines the effect of the number of clusters and the level of PPP development on the amount of environmental costs, as well as the contribution of these costs to the formation of a consolidated environmental index. On the basis of regression models, the optimization task is solved to determine the required increase in environmental protection costs to maximize the consolidated environmental index in each federal district, as well as to identify the required increase in the number of clusters and the level of PPP development. Findings: It has been proved that both integration mechanisms for financing the development of the green economy in the region—both public–private partnership and clustering—are in demand and should be used in the interests of strategic ensuring the environmental security of the regional economy of Russia. This will make it possible to use both regulatory (in PPP) and market (in clustering) practices to stimulate environmental responsibility and place green investments in integrated entrepreneurial structures. Originality/value: The authors proposed targets of benchmarks and recommendations on using the opportunities of Industry 4.0 to achieve high-tech integration mechanisms for financing the development of the green economy in the region in the interests of strategic security.