National Innovation System: Formation and Development in the Post-industrial Economy

The formation of a national innovation system is of great importance for the innovative development of the country. Nowadays the concept of national innovation systems is already conventional in the analysis of developed countries; however, there is no such unity among scientists when it comes to developing and post-socialist countries. The main objective of the authors is the analysis of national innovation systems in different countries and the revelation of their main features in post-socialist countries. Then the authors analyse the new methods of forming a national innovation system in Russia, based on the measures that are currently carried out in the Far Eastern region of Russia, and make recommendations about the further development of national innovation systems. The main method that the authors use is the method of comparative analysis of the Russian national innovation system and the innovation systems in foreign countries. The main result of the work is the development of the general logic of development of a national innovation system in five steps: the creation of a virtual investment community, the formation of territories of advanced development, reform of the regional financial system for the purposes of the development of the national innovation system, implementation of a new structural policy and fiscal optimization. The suggested programme has already been applied in the Far Eastern region of Russia and showed good results. The chapter also gives recommendations about the further formation of the national innovation system in Russia.