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The Theory of Specialization

In: Management Theory by Chester Barnard

Author

Listed:
  • Kazuhito Isomura

    (Chuo University)

Abstract

Barnard’s organization and management theory is based on his conceptual scheme which comprises two major concepts: structural and dynamic. Specialization is important because it bridges two major concepts. Firstly, this chapter explains the differences between three similar ideas: division of labor, specialization, and functionalization. It then points out five bases of specialization: geographical, temporal, associational, objective, and methodological. Thirdly, it argues that creating the proper combination of the five specializations is the art of organizing that increases organization effectiveness, and that specialization is equivalent to creating unit organizations. Finally, the chapter explains that specialization is a process to analyze the whole purpose and break it down into intermediate and detailed purposes: therefore, specialization relates to constructing a complex formal organization by linking ends and means.

Suggested Citation

  • Kazuhito Isomura, 2021. "The Theory of Specialization," SpringerBriefs in Business, in: Management Theory by Chester Barnard, chapter 0, pages 9-19, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:spbrcp:978-981-16-2979-2_2
    DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-2979-2_2
    as

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