Conditions for the Formation of Sustainable Energy in Kazakhstan

Every year the stakes in the fight to save the environment and fight global warming are growing. Now more than ever, we are aware of the detrimental effects of our current dependence on fossil fuels on our collective future. One of the key decisions? sustainable energy. The study is an overview of the transition to sustainable energy in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The aim is to lay the foundation for a sustainable transition to a clean and low-carbon electricity system as a contribution to global efforts to combat climate change and greenhouse gas emissions. Research methodology. The study adopted a secondary method of data collection and analysis based on primary and secondary data found in study results and reports from peer-reviewed sources. For this study, the term “primary data” refers to data generated and conducted and presented in the form of peer-reviewed academic and professional articles. Research results. A variant of numerical modeling of the scenario for Kazakh-stan’s entry into the top 30 most developed countries is presented. The transformation of the structure of generating capacities for 2030 and 2050 that meets the conditions of sustainable energy is given. The key aspect is that a significant increase in generating capacity should be carried out at the expense of clean and safe energy. The parameters of the Sustainable Energy for All initiative are achieved by the strategy, therefore a sustainable energy scenario for Kazakhstan is presented. The sustainable energy strategy is implemented in two stages, the completion of which is characterized by the main and external target parameters. Specific energy projects that have a socio-economic value for the country are considered. Under all scenarios, indicators of the state of energy in Kazakhstan will improve until 2050 and look as follows: the share of renewable sources in energy consumption, including hydropower, will be more than 50%; GDP per capita growth rate—not less than 2.5%; CO2 emissions per capita—no more than 3.9 t/person per year; the cost of fixed assets of new energy does not exceed the limit of economic security—300 billion dollars; population growth will reach 25 million people. The study concludes that both renewable and non-renewable energy sources should play a leading role in the short and long term energy transition. These include energy sources such as solar, wind, hydropower, hydrogen, bio-resources, nuclear energy, natural gas replacing other fossil fuels, and the application of clean and efficient technologies to existing fossil fuel and non-renewable systems energy sources. Specific energy projects affect the economic, social and environmental aspects of the sustainable development of a country or region.