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The Analytic Hierarchy and Analytic Network Processes for the Measurement of Intangible Criteria and for Decision-Making

In: Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Thomas L. Saaty

    (University of Pittsburgh)

Abstract

The Analytic Hierarchy Process Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its generalization to dependence dependence and feedback feedback , the Analytic Network Process Analytic Network Process (ANP), are theories of relative measurement measurement of intangible intangible criteria. With this approach to relative measurement, a scale of priorities priorities is derived from pairwise comparison measurements only after the elements to be measured are known. The ability to do pairwise comparisons comparisons pairwise is our biological heritage and we need it to cope with a world where everything is relative and constantly changing. In traditional measurement one has a scale that one applies to measure any element that comes along that has the property the scale is for, and elements are measured one by one, not by comparing them with each other. In the AHP paired comparisons are made with judgments judgment using numerical values taken from the AHP absolute fundamental scale scale fundamental of 1–9. A scale of relative values is derived from all these paired comparisons and it also belongs to an absolute scale scale absolute that is invariant under the identity transformation like the system of real numbers. The AHP/ANP is useful for making multicriteria decisions involving benefits benefits , opportunities opportunities , costs costs and risks risks . The ideas are developed in stages and illustrated with examples of real life decisions. The subject is transparent and despite some mathematics, it is easy to understand why it is done the way it is along the lines discussed here.

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas L. Saaty, 2016. "The Analytic Hierarchy and Analytic Network Processes for the Measurement of Intangible Criteria and for Decision-Making," International Series in Operations Research & Management Science, in: Salvatore Greco & Matthias Ehrgott & José Rui Figueira (ed.), Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis, edition 2, chapter 0, pages 363-419, Springer.
    • Handle: RePEc:spr:isochp:978-1-4939-3094-4_10
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3094-4_10
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    Cited by:

    1. Cinelli, Marco & Kadziński, Miłosz & Miebs, Grzegorz & Gonzalez, Michael & Słowiński, Roman, 2022. "Recommending multiple criteria decision analysis methods with a new taxonomy-based decision support system," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 302(2), pages 633-651.
    2. Thi Dieu Linh Nguyen & Brent Bleys, 2021. "Applying Analytic Hierarchy Process to Adaptation to Saltwater Intrusion in Vietnam," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-16, February.
    3. Jesús A. Prieto-Amparán & Alfredo Pinedo-Alvarez & Carlos R. Morales-Nieto & María C. Valles-Aragón & Alan Álvarez-Holguín & Federico Villarreal-Guerrero, 2021. "A Regional GIS-Assisted Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Site-Suitability for the Development of Solar Farms," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-19, February.
    4. Yun-Yun Ko & Yin-Hao Chiu, 2020. "Empirical Study of Urban Development Evaluation Indicators Based on the Urban Metabolism Concept," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-15, September.
    5. Ting Kuo & Ming-Hui Chen, 2022. "On Indeterminacy of Interval Multiplicative Pairwise Comparison Matrix," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-18, February.
    6. Francis Marleau Donais & Irène Abi-Zeid & E. Owen D. Waygood & Roxane Lavoie, 2019. "A review of cost–benefit analysis and multicriteria decision analysis from the perspective of sustainable transport in project evaluation," EURO Journal on Decision Processes, Springer;EURO - The Association of European Operational Research Societies, vol. 7(3), pages 327-358, November.
    7. Silvia Angilella & Maria Rosaria Pappalardo, 2022. "Performance assessment of energy companies employing Hierarchy Stochastic Multi-Attribute Acceptability Analysis," Operational Research, Springer, vol. 22(1), pages 299-370, March.
    8. Cinzia Colapinto & Raja Jayaraman & Fouad Ben Abdelaziz & Davide La Torre, 2020. "Environmental sustainability and multifaceted development: multi-criteria decision models with applications," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 293(2), pages 405-432, October.
    9. Miguel A. De Luque-Villa & Daniel Armando Robledo-Buitrago & Claudia Patricia Gómez-Rendón, 2024. "Holistic Environmental Risk Index for Oil and Gas Industry in Colombia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.
    10. Figueira, José Rui & Oliveira, Henrique M. & Serro, Ana Paula & Colaço, Rogério & Froes, Filipe & Robalo Cordeiro, Carlos & Diniz, António & Guimarães, Miguel, 2023. "A multiple criteria approach for building a pandemic impact assessment composite indicator: The case of COVID-19 in Portugal," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 309(2), pages 795-818.
    11. Tobias Witt & Matthias Klumpp, 2021. "Multi-Period Multi-Criteria Decision Making under Uncertainty: A Renewable Energy Transition Case from Germany," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, June.
    12. Doan, N.A.V. & De Smet, Y., 2018. "An alternative weight sensitivity analysis for PROMETHEE II rankings," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 166-174.
    13. Paweł Ziemba, 2019. "Towards Strong Sustainability Management—A Generalized PROSA Method," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(6), pages 1-29, March.
    14. Pranav Gupta & Alka Bharat, 2022. "Developing sustainable development Index as a tool for appropriate urban land take," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(11), pages 13378-13406, November.
    15. Reder, Laura & Klünder, Timo, 2017. "Application of SCOR flexibility metrics to assess the Industry 4.0-Readiness of Supply Chain Networks: An empirical study," Arbeitsberichte des Lehrstuhls für Produktionswirtschaft 16, Ruhr-Universität Bochum (RUB), Lehrstuhl für Produktionswirtschaft.
    16. Schulze-González, Erik & Pastor-Ferrando, Juan-Pascual & Aragonés-Beltrán, Pablo, 2023. "Clustering and reference value for assessing influence in analytic network process without pairwise comparison matrices: Study of 17 real cases," Operations Research Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 10(C).
    17. Paweł Ziemba, 2019. "Inter-Criteria Dependencies-Based Decision Support in the Sustainable wind Energy Management," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-29, February.
    18. Dinis, Duarte Caldeira & Figueira, José Rui & Teixeira, Ângelo Palos, 2023. "A multiple criteria approach for ship risk classification: An alternative to the Paris MoU Ship Risk Profile," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    19. Teniwut, Wellem Anselmus & Hamid, Syahibul Kahfi & Makailipessy, Marvin Mario, 2022. "Developing a masterplan for a sustainable marine sector in a small islands region: Integrated MCE spatial analysis for decision making," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C).

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