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The Qing Dynasty before the Opium War: Learning, Prosperity and Stability

In: Japan versus China in the Industrial Race

Author

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  • Wei-Bin Zhang

    (Swedish Institute for Futures Studies)

Abstract

It is not easy to analyse historical processes when multiple shaping forces interact in a complicated way over time and space, as is the case in China’s history. To help us we may use Mao’s idea of major contradiction as well as the more scientifically sophisticated ‘slaving principle’ (Haken, 1977; Zhang, 1991). To understand the complexity of China’s modernisation, and conflicts between China and the West, it is essential to note that during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1911) the (majority) of Chinese had been governed by the (minority) of ‘foreigners’, the Manchus. This explains why the overriding consideration of the dynasty, before the collapse of the Qing, had always been related to how to maintain Manchu control.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei-Bin Zhang, 1998. "The Qing Dynasty before the Opium War: Learning, Prosperity and Stability," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Japan versus China in the Industrial Race, chapter 3, pages 54-70, Palgrave Macmillan.
    • Handle: RePEc:pal:palchp:978-1-349-26813-9_4
    DOI: 10.1007/978-1-349-26813-9_4
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