Theories of Imperialism as Alternatives to Classical and Centre-Periphery Approaches

In Chapter 2 we found that the centre-periphery problematic and the relevant discussion conducted after the Second World War was in reality largely based on arguments from the classical theories of imperialism. Some of the basic findings from this discussion might be summarized as follows: (1) Development of the productive forces leads to monopoly production structures (concentration and centralization). This process creates surplus capital. (2) Production is internationalized. Individual ‘national’ capitals develop on a geographical terrain that greatly transcends national borders. Capitalism becomes a global system; that is to say the ‘laws’ of the system now operate on a world scale. (3) The state in developed capitalist countries provides geopolitical support through (colonial) imperialism for movement of capital. In reality it becomes merged with the monopolies. The world is divided into spheres of influence. Competition between individual ‘national’ capitals takes the form of geopolitical competition between the powerful states. The state in the ‘dependent’ countries becomes a tool in the hands of imperialism and the monopolies.