Perspective Chapter: Gender, Social Class and 'A Sense of Belonging' at University - A Historical Perspective

A sense of belonging is a critical aspect of the university experience for undergraduates. However, with greater heterogeneity in the backgrounds of students in mass higher education systems, it is recognised that those with marginalised identities are less likely to develop a sense of academic and social belonging. This chapter offers a historical perspective of how gender and social class have impacted a sense of belonging for students over a one hundred year period. First, this chapter reflects on how participation in higher education in the UK has increased, with 4357 students graduating from an undergraduate degree in 1920 compared to 359,115 graduating in the academic year 2020-21. Second, how the number of women studying in higher education has changed since 1920 is considered, alongside patterns of degree subject choices for women. Third, the social class composition of university students and the extent to which 'working-class' students have 'fitted in' to the university environment are explored. Fourth, funding and financial challenges experienced historically and currently by less advantaged students are discussed. Finally, this chapter concludes by suggesting that women's experiences of university have improved significantly, but social class continues to impact on a sense of belonging for many undergraduates.