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In Vitro Diagnostics for COVID-19: State-of-the-Art, Future Directions and Role in Pandemic Response

In: Biotechnology to Combat COVID-19

Author

Listed:
  • Sandeep Kumar Vashist
  • Subramanian Murugan
  • Guiffo Djoko

Abstract

There have been tremendous advances in in vitro diagnostics (IVD) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the confirmatory clinical diagnosis is made by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) based viral antigen (Ag) detection is used for mass population screening at point-of-care (POC) settings. The rapid RT-PCR tests (such as from Cepheid and Bosch) have an assay duration of less than 40 min, while most rapid Ag tests (such as Abbott's BinaxNOW(TM) COVID-19 Ag card) have an assay duration of about 15 min. Of interest is the POC molecular test (ID NOW(TM)) from Abbott that takes less than13 min. Similarly, many immunoassays (IAs), i.e., automated chemiluminescent IA (CLIA), manual ELISA, and LFIA, have been developed to detect immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin A (IgA) produced in subjects after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Many IVD tests have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under emergency use authorization (EUA), and almost all IVD tests are Conformité Européenne (CE) certified.

Suggested Citation

  • Sandeep Kumar Vashist & Subramanian Murugan & Guiffo Djoko, 2022. "In Vitro Diagnostics for COVID-19: State-of-the-Art, Future Directions and Role in Pandemic Response," Chapters, in: Megha Agrawal & Shyamasri Biswas (ed.), Biotechnology to Combat COVID-19, IntechOpen.
  • Handle: RePEc:ito:pchaps:232939
    DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.97775
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; pandemic; in vitro diagnostics; mobile healthcare; antigen; antibodies; molecular assays; CT scans;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health

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