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Intra-Household Resource Allocation and Gender Bias in Iran☆

In: Gender in the Labor Market

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  • Ebrahim Azimi

Abstract

Although preference for sons has been documented among parents in developing countries, it is an open question whether and to what extent intra-household resource allocation is influenced by family sex composition. This study investigates the effects of sex composition on intra-household resource allocation based on the collective household model of Dunbar, Lewbel, and Pendakur (2013). I extend their model to estimate the influences on a household member’s resource share by observing how budget shares of a private assignable good vary not only with total expenditure and family size, but also with family sex composition. Using data from the 2005 Iranian Household Income and Expenditure Survey, I find that family composition significantly affects intra-household resource allocation in Iranian rural areas. Specifically, rural parents assign 1.6–1.9 percentage points more resources toward their sons. These resources are essentially coming at the expense of mothers. In all-boy families, mothers get 2.8–3.6 percentage points fewer resources than they do in all-girl families. These effects are more pronounced among farmer families than nonfarmer families. However, I find no significant role for gender composition in intra-household resource allocation in urban areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Ebrahim Azimi, 2015. "Intra-Household Resource Allocation and Gender Bias in Iran☆," Research in Labor Economics, in: Gender in the Labor Market, volume 42, pages 131-157, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:rleczz:s0147-912120150000042004
    DOI: 10.1108/S0147-912120150000042004
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Basu, Bharati, 2021. "Do institutional norms affect behavioral preferences: A view from gender bias in the intra-household expenditure allocation in Iran," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 118-134.
    2. Shahram Moeeni & Maryam Moeeni, 2021. "The Impact of Intra-household Bargaining Game on Progression to Third Birth in Iran," Journal of Family and Economic Issues, Springer, vol. 42(1), pages 61-72, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Collective household; resource share; Engel curve; gender bias; son preference; I32; D13; O15;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I32 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - Measurement and Analysis of Poverty
    • D13 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Production and Intrahouse Allocation
    • O15 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Economic Development: Human Resources; Human Development; Income Distribution; Migration

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