Statistical Economic Balances in Unbalanced Times.The Balance of the National Economy of the USSR, 1923–24: Pavel Illich Popov’s Contribution

This chapter provides a presentation about Chapter 1 ofThe Balance of the National Economy, 1923–24, edited by Pavel Illich Popov.The Balancewas issued in June 1926 by the Central Statistical Administration (CSU or TsSU) of the USSR, which Popov had headed from July 1918 to January 1926. In the first part of our chapter, we show how Popov’s work on the balance of the national economy was rooted in the specific scientific and political culture ofzemstvostatisticians inherited from the Tsar. Statistical inquiry was considered an objective scientific process based on international standards. Furthermore, likezemstvostatisticians, CSU statisticians developed great autonomous political power. The balance of the national economy was built according to these principles, which met harsh criticism from revolutionaries and Bolsheviks. In the second part, we analyze the contents of Popov’s Chapter 1, especially the theoretical foundations of the balance and its connection with Soviet planning. In the third part, we discuss the balance’s significance in the years 1926–1929, years which ended the NEP and launched the first Five-Year Plan, so as to understand how CSU’s balance didn’t become a standard Soviet statistical instrument and was discarded as a “bourgeois” device.