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Regional Economic, Social, and Healthcare Disparities Among the European Union Member States

In: Economic Development and Resilience by EU Member States

Author

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  • Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska
  • Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski
  • Dawid Majcherek
  • Scott William Hegerty

Abstract

Purpose:The objective of this chapter is to provide an international comparative analysis of the economic, social and healthcare inequalities in the European Union (EU) from the perspective of 13 EU member states (EU-13) that have joined the union in 2004, 2007, and 2013. Need for study: Significant disparities exist in the development levels among various regions and countries in the EU. Methodology: The study compares EU-13, PIGS countries (Portugal, Italy, Greece, and Spain), and EU-10 over the last 20 years, focussing on income competitiveness, unemployment rates, employment structures in services, industry, and agriculture, and social and healthcare disparities. Data on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, internet access, and unmet medical needs are also analysed. The Summary Innovation Index (SII) is dynamically analysed to determine the key factors of international competitiveness, including innovation. Findings: Employment in agriculture in EU-13 countries is five times higher than in EU-10 countries, and income gaps persist between the two regions. However, EU-13 is closing these gaps with PIGS countries. Digitalisation has improved, and there are no visible disparities in internet access. The Human Development Index and unmet healthcare needs are diminishing. Performance groups, such as Innovation Leaders and Strong Innovators, are dispersed across Europe. Practical implications: This study offers a new research agenda for critically investigating economic, social, and healthcare inequality topics, which are of crucial importance. The findings may serve as the foundation for future cohesion policy development in order to maximise its effectiveness in achieving the EU’s integrity.

Suggested Citation

  • Małgorzata Stefania Lewandowska & Arkadiusz Michał Kowalski & Dawid Majcherek & Scott William Hegerty, 2024. "Regional Economic, Social, and Healthcare Disparities Among the European Union Member States," Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis, in: Economic Development and Resilience by EU Member States, volume 115, pages 47-66, Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
    • Handle: RePEc:eme:csefzz:s1569-375920240000115004
    DOI: 10.1108/S1569-375920240000115004
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    EU-13; PIGS; EU-10; economic disparity; social disparity; healthcare; convergence; F15; F63; I14; I15; J00;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F15 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Economic Integration
    • F63 - International Economics - - Economic Impacts of Globalization - - - Economic Development
    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
    • I15 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Economic Development
    • J00 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - General - - - General

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