The relevant territorial scale for implementing the circular economy

The circular economy (CE) has emerged as a compelling alternative to traditional linear economic models, and aims to promote sustainability through the principles of reduction, reuse and recycling. This transition is crucial in tackling the unsustainable consumption of natural resources and the production of non-recyclable waste, which are characteristic of linear models. Academic discussions on the CE mostly focus on macroscopic aspects such as policies and global value chains, as well as microscopic aspects like company-level strategies and innovations. However, recent research has shed light on the significance of the meso level. Local and regional dimensions play a vital role in implementing CE initiatives, highlighting the importance of geographic and scale-specific analyses. This chapter explores the essential roles of local and regional scales, including municipalities and broader areas like provinces, in the implementation of CE. By adopting a multiscalar perspective, the chapter argues for the integration of territorial dimensions into CE strategies to improve resource efficiency, reduce environmental impacts, and promote sustainable development. The analysis demonstrates that the effectiveness and environmental benefits of the CE are greatly influenced by the spatial dynamics of resource circulation, stakeholder cooperation, and the localization of economic activities. The chapter advocates for a nuanced understanding of the CE that acknowledges the interplay between different levels of governance, from local to international, emphasizing the importance of coordinated policies that cater to specific regional and local contexts. By highlighting the central role of local and regional levels in CE practices, this discussion contributes to a more comprehensive approach to sustainability, emphasizing the need to incorporate spatial considerations into CE policies and strategies.