Frugal innovation and economic dynamics in developing economies

The academic literature puts forward a broader concept than frugal innovation that of inclusive innovation (ININ). The important point is not only that the two concepts are close but that the second (ININ) includes the basic elements of the first (frugality). We provide a review of the salient points of the literature of ININ often related to less developed economies. The main features of the under-developed national system of innovation are delineated. The literature on frugal innovation marginally addresses the question of whether this type of innovation can be a determinant of growth in developing countries and in African economies in particular. We set out an overview of research on the innovation/growth relationship in African economies explaining the existence of market push innovation and low-cost entrepreneurship. The assessment that we draw from recent experiences of high growth does not highlight an effect of frugal innovation on growth in Africa.