Public budgeting in developed and developing countries

Public budgeting has evolved due to the influence of political and economic ideologies, public management theories, citizen participation, government transparency, and accountability requirements. The budget idea has spread globally from Western Europe due to trade relations and colonialism in Africa, America, and Asia. Sound budget systems remain the focal interest of several European countries, including England, Germany, France, and Sweden. However, other non-European developed countries, such as Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the US, have initiated budget innovations that have had an enduring influence on budgetary systems globally. The reforms aim to restructure the budget process to consider multi-annual fiscal budgets, use performance information in budget decisions, and provide access to budget information for citizens in response to transparency and accountability requirements. Although the interconnectedness of global society makes for the spread of the budget idea, countries differ regarding their level of development. Therefore, a comparative study offers lessons in policy and management for improving global public budgeting practices.