Co-creating important actors and factors in Indigenous entrepreneurship ecosystems: developing the Ruruku Canvas

Concepts such as economic development and entrepreneurial ecosystems have almost exclusively been developed with mainstream Western or Eastern industrial-era belief systems in mind. But what actors and factors are important in entrepreneurship ecosystems for Indigenous peoples? In this chapter on the development of a Māori economic development strategy that would encourage entrepreneurial activity in Aotearoa/New Zealand, we identified important actors and factors for Māori stakeholders. We reflect on the lessons learned from this engagement to develop a wider range of concepts that could underpin economic and entrepreneurial development by incorporating Indigenous perspectives.