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A new “racial” minority: Hispanics, 1800–1992

In: The U.S. Supreme Court and Racial Minorities

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Hispanics joined U.S. by territorial acquisition (1803–98) under various treaties (some following wars). Hispanics were “white by law,” with the exception of Pueblo-style Indians of the Mexican Cession, against whom Congress forced the New Mexico Territory to discriminate. Hispanics in the Southwest and Puerto Ricans in New York experienced discrimination from local authorities and private persons despite officially “white” status. In the Southeast, Puerto Ricans and Cubans experienced discrimination if they appeared black. Hoover, Roosevelt, and Eisenhower deported massive numbers of Mexicans, which fact caused many of their family-member, birth-right U.S. citizens to leave also. Mendez v. Westminster School District (1946–47), a California case, laid the foundation for Brown v. Board (1954). Only in a 1954 jury case, did the Supreme Court acknowledge that Hispanics were a group needing protection under the Equal Protection Clause. Eventually the right to be educated in Spanish interfered with efforts at school desegregation. KEYWORDS: Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) Braceros program Lau v. Nichols (1974) Mendez v. Westminster (1946–47) Hernandez v. Texas (1954) Operation Wetback

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  • ., 2017. "A new “racial” minority: Hispanics, 1800–1992," Chapters, in: The U.S. Supreme Court and Racial Minorities, chapter 6, pages 243-303, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    • Handle: RePEc:elg:eechap:17747_6
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    Law - Academic; Politics and Public Policy;

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