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The Theory of Easements when Shah Wali Allah al-Dahlawi نظرية الارتفاقات عند شاه ولي الله الدهلوي

In: Lectures in Islamic Economics and Finance, Selected From Wednesday Seminars-10 محاضرات في الاقتصاد والتمويل الإسلامي ، مختارة من حوارات الأربعاء - 10

Author

Listed:
  • Abdul Azim Islahi

    (Islamic Economics Institute King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia)

Abstract

Ahmad b. Abd al-Rahim Shah Wali-Allah al-Dihlawi (1114-76 H./1704-62) presented theory of al-irtif?q?t in his two books –?ujjat-All?h al-B?lighah and al-Bud?r al-B?zighah which received unprecedented popularity among the ?ulam? and students. He is among the few Muslim scholars who have presented a systematic theory of socio-economic development. For this purpose, he coined the term al- irtif?q?t (irtif?q singular). The word irtif?q refers to adopting convenient ways, helping devices, beneficial methods, useful techniques, and good manners in one’s life. He takes irtif?q?t in the sense of ‘socio-economic development’. The core of Wali-Allah’s explanation of the irtif?q?t presents the development of human societies through four irtif?q?t stages of increasingly refined order and elaboration of arts of civilized. Thus, according to Dihlawi, starting from a simple primitive village life existence to an international community, the socio-economic development of human society can be divided into four stages. The first stage is dominated by simple economic struggle while the last stage is developed to maintain a just political order at the international level, to safeguard the socio-economic interests of different states and to establish peace and justice among them. All of al-Dihlawi’s economic ideas are related, in some way or another, to his concept of irtif?q?t or these stages of socio-economic development. The development of humankind without the necessary and just institutions and void of human values will only lead to exploitation of the weaker nation and oppression of the masses and ultimately the breakdown of the whole system, just as al-Dihlawi complained during his own time and that has been experienced in every period. To him national and international socio-economic and political institutions can serve their right purpose only if their diseases are cured and crime, corruption, exploitation and oppression are eliminated. Al-Dihlawi is not only unique in his theory of socio-economic development among Muslim scholars but is a pioneer of the theory known in the West as the ‘stages of history’ approach to development. His discussion of these stages may not be that elaborate and technically detailed as we find with later writers but is nonetheless very comprehensive not being confined to economic or material aspects only. In this respect, it also takes into account moral and spiritual aspects. The advancement of the human institution is not the work of wordy philosophers, politicians, and social theorists and reformers only, but is instead the mission of a true religious institution as well. أحمد بن عبدالرحيم المعروف بشاه ولي اللّه الدهلوي (1176-1114/1704-1762) قدم نظرية الارتفاقات في معنى التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية في كتابيه: «حجة الله البالغة» و«البدور البازغة» وخاصة كتابه الأول من الكتب التي حازت رضى العلماء وطلبة العلم على السواء وفي تاريخ الفكر الاقتصادي الإسلامي إن الدهلوي هو من بين عدد قليل من علماء المسلمين الذين قدموا نظرية منهجية حول التنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية. ولهذا الغرض انه صاغ مصطلح الارتفاقات ومفرده ارتفاق. وتشير كلمة ارتفاق إلى الاعتماد على طرق مناسبة، وأجهزة مساعدة، وأساليب نافعة، وتقنيات مفيدة بمعنى "التطور الاجتماعي الاقتصادي". واصل تفسير ولي الله من الارتفاقات أنه يعرض تطور المجتمعات البشرية من خلال أربع مراحل-الارتفاقات. فبالنسبة له، بدءا من الحياة القروية البسيطة البدائية إلى المجتمع الدولي والتنمية الاجتماعية والاقتصادية للمجتمع البشري يمكن تقسيمها إلى أربع مراحل. ويهيمن على المرحلة الأولى النضال الاقتصادي البسيط، في حين تم تطويرها في المرحلة الأخيرة للحفاظ على النظام السياسي فقط على المستوى الدولي لضمان المصلحة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية للدول المختلفة، وإقامة السلام والعدل بينهم. وجميع الأفكار الاقتصادية للشاه ولي الله تدور حول وترتبط في بعض بطريقة أو بأخرى، لمفهومه الارتفاقات. وإن تطور الجنس البشري بدون المؤسسات الضرورية العادلة وخاليا من القيم الإنسانية تؤدي إلى استغلال الفئة الضعيفة وقهر المستضعفين من الناس، ما يؤدى في نهاية المطاف إلى انهيار النظام كما اشتكى الدهلوي -خلال عصره وكما حدث في كل فترة من الزمن. وإن معالجة الإمام الدهلوي لهذه المراحل قد لا تكون متقنة ومفصلة من الناحية الفنية مثل ما نجد مع الكتاب الذين جاءوا من بعده، لكنه مع ذلك شاملة جدا لأنه لا يقتصر على الجوانب الاقتصادية أو المادية فقط. بل يأخذ أيضا بعين الاعتبار النواحي المعنوية والجوانب الروحية. إن تطوير المؤسسة الإنسانية ليس عمل الفلاسفة الماديين والسياسيين، والمنظرين والمصلحين الاجتماعيين فقط، بل هو مهمة دينية أيضا.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdul Azim Islahi, 2014. "The Theory of Easements when Shah Wali Allah al-Dahlawi نظرية الارتفاقات عند شاه ولي الله الدهلوي," Chapters of books published by the Islamic Economics Institute, KAAU or its faculty members., in: Islamic Economics Institute (ed.),Lectures in Islamic Economics and Finance, Selected From Wednesday Seminars-10 محاضرات في الاقتصاد والتمويل الإسلامي ، مختارة من حوارات الأربعاء - 10, edition 0, chapter 2, pages 61-72, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute..
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:ieibch:794
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