IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/b/zbw/iamost/88.html
   My bibliography  Save this book

Labour rationing of different farm types in Kazakhstan: A shadow price analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Vantomme, Katharina

Abstract

After the breakdown of the Soviet Union many socioeconomic, but also demographic changes took place in Kazakhstan. The large collective farms have partly been broken up. The result was a tri-partitioned farm structure with agricultural enterprises including agroholdings, individual farms as well as household farms. Furthermore, a strong exodus especially from northern Kazakhstan took place, which included many skilled workers, leading to a scarcity of labour and to mismatches between skills offered and skills needed in agriculture. However, the potential of the Kazakh agriculture cannot be fully tapped without suitable labour. Thus, at present low productivity prevail. Therefore, a central term of the dissertation is the term "labour rationing". An agricultural unit is labour rationing if it is not able to find enough suitable workers even though it would be willing to pay a higher wage than the real wage. This dissertation focused on investigating labour rationing in the rural areas of Kazakhstan using two cross-sectional farm level data sets from 2003 and 2011 with data collected in the two oblasts, Akmola and Almaty. Besides, the production model under factor constraint was applied. From this model the shadow price analysis was derived with help of the Lagrangian method. Three Heckman models, for 2003, 2011 as well as for 2003 and 2011 together were estimated as well as the respective shadow prices of the different farm types. The latter were then compared with the real wages. All farm types faced an excess demand for labour. However, agroholdings suffered from the strongest labour rationing and thus, had most problem finding suitable workers, skilled workers in particular. Regarding the reasons for labour rationing, the analysis suggests mainly the following: * In 2011, agricultural producers that carried out joint activity with other agricultural units were less likely to be labour rationed than those that did not carry out any joint activity together with others. * Agricultural units with a peripheral and poorly connected location were more likely to be rationed on the labour market. Moreover, in Akmola oblast labour shortages were more severe than in Almaty oblast. * Regarding the value of machinery and movable equipment, it can be said that these factors normally rather attract workers, especially in Kazakhstan. However, in order to operate more sophisticated machinery more skills are needed. But skilled workers were particularly scarce. * Regarding education it cannot be clearly observed that more educated managers have fewer problems or more problems finding workers in Kazakhstan. Finally, it can be said that according to the data wages in agriculture in Kazakhstan did rise if 2003 and 2011 are compared, but so did the shadow wages. Thus, an excess demand for labour and the problem of labour rationing persist. Nevertheless, it seems that the labour productivity increased which might be due to investments in machinery. At the same time this means that especially skilled workers are in demand.

Suggested Citation

  • Vantomme, Katharina, 2017. "Labour rationing of different farm types in Kazakhstan: A shadow price analysis," Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), volume 88, number 88.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iamost:88
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/172796/1/1009483706.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wandel, Jurgen, 2009. "Agroholdings And Clusters In Kazakhstan’S Agro-Food Sector," IAMO Discussion Papers 91766, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    2. Martin Petrick, 2004. "A microeconometric analysis of credit rationing in the Polish farm sector," European Review of Agricultural Economics, Oxford University Press and the European Agricultural and Applied Economics Publications Foundation, vol. 31(1), pages 77-101, March.
    3. Labar, Kelly & Petrick, Martin & Buchenrieder, Gertrud (ed.), 2010. "Challenges of education and innovation: proceedings of the Fourth Green Week Scientific Conference," Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO), volume 56, number 96199.
    4. Wandel, Jurgen, 2010. "The Cluster-Based Development Strategy In Kazakhstan’S Agro-Food Sector: A Critical Assessment From An "Austrian" Perspective," IAMO Discussion Papers 91760, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    5. Petrick, Martin & Wandel, Jürgen & Karsten, Katharina, 2013. "Rediscovering the Virgin Lands: Agricultural Investment and Rural Livelihoods in a Eurasian Frontier Area," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 164-179.
    6. Robert Evenson & Prabhu Pingali (ed.), 2007. "Handbook of Agricultural Economics," Handbook of Agricultural Economics, Elsevier, edition 1, volume 3, number 1.
    7. Richard Pomfret, 2009. "Using Energy Resources to Diversify the Economy: Agricultural Price Distortions in Kazakhstan," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 51(2), pages 181-212, June.
    8. Emmanuel Skoufias, 1994. "Using Shadow Wages to Estimate Labor Supply of Agricultural Households," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association, vol. 76(2), pages 215-227.
    9. Reardon, Thomas & Barrett, Christopher B. & Berdegué, Julio A. & Swinnen, Johan F.M., 2009. "Agrifood Industry Transformation and Small Farmers in Developing Countries," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 37(11), pages 1717-1727, November.
    10. repec:zbw:iamodp:91760 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Roumasset, James & Lee, Sang-Hyop, 2007. "Labor: Decisions, Contracts and Organization," Handbook of Agricultural Economics, in: Robert Evenson & Prabhu Pingali (ed.), Handbook of Agricultural Economics, edition 1, volume 3, chapter 52, pages 2705-2740, Elsevier.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. repec:zbw:iamost:269557 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Vantomme, Katharina, 2017. "Labour rationing of different farm types in Kazakhstan: A shadow price analysis," Studies on the Agricultural and Food Sector in Transition Economies 269557, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    3. Hermans, Frans L. P. & Chaddad, Fabio R. & Gagalyuk, Taras & Senesi, Sebastian & Balmann, Alfons, 2017. "The emergence and proliferation of agroholdings and mega farms in a global context," International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, International Food and Agribusiness Management Association, vol. 20(2), April.
    4. repec:zbw:iamodp:163932 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. de Janvry, Alain & Sadoulet, Elisabeth, 2020. "Using agriculture for development: Supply- and demand-side approaches," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    6. Petrick, Martin & Wandel, Jürgen & Karsten, Katharina, 2013. "Rediscovering the Virgin Lands: Agricultural Investment and Rural Livelihoods in a Eurasian Frontier Area," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 164-179.
    7. Meilin Ma & Jessie Lin & Richard J. Sexton, 2022. "The Transition from Small to Large Farms in Developing Economies: A Welfare Analysis," American Journal of Agricultural Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 104(1), pages 111-133, January.
    8. Petrick, Martin & Oshakbaev, Dauren & Wandel, Jürgen, 2014. "Kazakhstan's wheat, beef and dairy sectors: An assessment of their development constraints and recent policy responses," IAMO Discussion Papers 163932, Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    9. Sheahan, Megan & Barrett, Christopher B., 2017. "Ten striking facts about agricultural input use in Sub-Saharan Africa," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 12-25.
    10. James Roumasset, 2010. "Wither the Economics of Agricultural Development?," Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development, Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture (SEARCA), vol. 7(1), pages 1-22, June.
    11. Alain de Janvry & Elisabeth Sadoulet, 2019. "Transforming developing country agriculture: Removing adoption constraints and promoting inclusive value chain development," Working Papers hal-02287668, HAL.
    12. Goto, Jun & Sawada, Yasuyuki & Aida, Takeshi & Aoyagi, Keitaro, 2015. "Incentives and Social Preferences: Experimental Evidence from a Seemingly Inefficienct Traditional Labor Contract," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 211687, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    13. Bobojonov, Ihtiyor & Teuber, Ramona & Oshakbayev, Dauren & Glauben, Thomas, 2015. "Agrifood sector transformation and its implications on development of small farmers in Kazakhstan," 2015 Conference, August 9-14, 2015, Milan, Italy 211357, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    14. Petrick, Martin & Pomfret, Richard, 2016. "Agricultural policies in Kazakhstan [Agrarpolitik in Kasachstan]," IAMO Discussion Papers 155, Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies (IAMO).
    15. repec:zbw:iamodp:234476 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. Teklewold, Hailemariam, 2011. "Farming or burning? shadow prices and farmer’s impatience on the allocation of multi-purpose resource in the mixed farming system of Ethiopia," 2011 International Congress, August 30-September 2, 2011, Zurich, Switzerland 116080, European Association of Agricultural Economists.
    17. de Rosari, Bernardus Bala & Sinaga, Bonar Marulitua & Kusnadi, Nunung & Sawit, Mohamad Husein, 2014. "The Impact Of Credit And Capital Supports On Economic Behavior Of Farm Households: A Household Economic Approach," International Journal of Food and Agricultural Economics (IJFAEC), Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Department of Economics and Finance, vol. 2(3), pages 1-10, July.
    18. Tran, Minh Chau & Gan, Christopher & Hu, Baiding, 2014. "Credit Constraints and Impact on Farm Household Welfare: Evidence from Vietnam’s North Central Coast region," 2014 Conference, August 28-29, 2014, Nelson, New Zealand 187495, New Zealand Agricultural and Resource Economics Society.
    19. M.A. Akudugu, 2011. "Rural banks' financial capital and livelihoods development of women farmers in Ghana," Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 5(4), pages 248-264, October.
    20. Wang, Xiaobing & Herzfeld, Thomas & Glauben, Thomas, 2007. "Labor allocation in transition: Evidence from Chinese rural households," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 287-308.
    21. Almeida, Alexandre N. & Bravo-Ureta, Boris E., 2019. "Agricultural productivity, shadow wages and off-farm labor decisions in Nicaragua," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 43(1), pages 99-110.
    22. Cossar, Frances, 2016. "Boserupian pressure and agricultural mechanization in modern Ghana:," IFPRI discussion papers 1528, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
    23. Kym Anderson & Anna Strutt, 2012. "Agriculture and Food Security in Asia by 2030," Macroeconomics Working Papers 23309, East Asian Bureau of Economic Research.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:zbw:iamost:88. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/iamoode.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.