Circular Value Chains of Electrical and Electronic Equipment in ASEAN

This study aims to address urgent issues surrounding electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) waste and present policy recommendations for collaboration between ASEAN Member States (AMS) and Japan in the ASEAN–Japan Circular Economy Initiative. A significant increase in e-waste generation is predicted in Asia, with ASEAN facing specific challenges in treating uncontrolled used EEE and locally generated e-waste. The informal sector, which plays a significant role in waste management in ASEAN, lacks proper technologies and knowledge for environmentally sound treatment, leading to environmental pollution and health risks. Japan's experience in e-waste management can serve as a valuable reference for AMS. The global momentum towards a circular economy reinforces the need for efficient resource use and sustainable systems. Both ASEAN and Japan are pursuing circular economy policies, and the ASEAN–Japan Circular Economy Initiative is expected to enhance economic relations. To address these issues, three key recommendations are proposed. First, Japan can share its experiences in establishing and enforcing legal systems with AMS, focussing on specific challenges and solutions. Second, business collaboration between AMS and Japan should be fostered through technical cooperation, joint ventures, and international resource circulation. Lastly, closer alignment with international rules and standards for reuse and remanufacturing and advancing trade openness is crucial to facilitate trade and to ensure quality and safety assurance.