Assess EE&C Indicators and Policies to Ensure a Low Carbon Development Path

ASEAN countries are promoting energy efficiency policies to cope with the increase in energy consumption associated with economic development. However, over the 20-year period from 2000 to 2020, countries with large populations and economies, such as Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam, steadily increased their energy efficiency while their carbon intensity worsened. That is, despite progress in energy conservation, CO2 emissions are increasing. This report analyses the status of energy efficiency, carbon intensity, and other factors of change in the target countries, identifies the causes of the separation between improvements in energy efficiency and worsening carbon intensity, as well as issues related to energy efficiency policies, and makes policy recommendations from the perspective of low-carbon development.The report consists of four chapters. Chapter 1 provides an analysis of ASEAN's population, economy, energy, and CO2 emissions situation. In addition, we will discuss the issues raised by the analysis. Chapter 2 identifies the countries in ASEAN that have a significant impact with respect to energy and CO2 emissions and selects the countries to be studied for this report. Chapter 3 analyses energy consumption, energy efficiency, CO2 emissions, energy efficiency policies, and CO2 emissions reduction policies in the four countries studied (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Viet Nam). Chapter 4 summarises and analyses trends common to the four countries surveyed based on the analysis in the previous chapter and makes sector-specific recommendations.