Modern methods of diagnosing disaeses

Collective monograph contains the results of scientific research devoted to new views and proposals for the diagnosis of certain diseases. The proposed solutions are important for clinical practice and inspire optimism in obtaining encouraging results in overcoming some pathologies. Chapter 1 is dedicated to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography - a contrast study of the bile ducts and ductal system of the pancreas, which is achieved by their cannulation with the help of a flexible endoscope and their visualization by X-ray (fluoroscopy). Thanks to this, it becomes possible to diagnose and perform medical interventions for choledocholithiasis, benign and malignant obstruction of the bile ducts, chronic pancreatitis accompanied by obstruction of the pancreatic ducts. Chapter 2 presents the results of the development of a thermoelectric device for diagnosing inflammatory processes and pain syndrome in degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the lumbosacral spine. Such a device makes it possible to save, process and visualize measurement results on the display of the device and on a personal computer in real time. The results of clinical studies of thermometric indicators in the lumbosacral region of the spine in persons with chronic pain syndrome against the background of degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the spine in the presence of hernias and protrusions of intervertebral discs are given. The effectiveness of the proposed thermoelectric device in medical practice has been confirmed. Chapter 3 presents the results of the examination of various contingents of the population: students, athletes, mobile operators, people with hearing loss, post-covid syndrome and psychophysiological lability developed under martial law. The features of information processing by examinees with different degrees of functional mobility of nervous processes are highlighted. It was found that the deprivation of auditory function, post-conviction syndrome, psychophysiological lability developed in the conditions of martial law significantly reduce the level of neural processes and the ability to process information. The evaluation scales of neurodynamic and sensorimotor functions proposed for use in the medical field can be used to optimize diagnosis and increase the effectiveness of monitoring neurological morbidity, including in people with special needs. Chapter 4 is devoted to the problems of children's neuropsychiatric diseases, in particular brain damage in children with ASD. Restrained optimism is expressed for the prospect of overcoming this severe psychiatric pathology in the foreseeable future due to the introduction of genetic, biochemical and immunodiagnostic approaches, as well as metabolic and immunotherapeutic interventions with neuroprotective effects. Arguments are presented in favor of the fact that the successful testing in clinical practice of evidence-based personalized multidisciplinary strategies of diagnosis and treatment will allow a breakthrough in the clinical management of children with severe mental disorders in the near future. This will provide not only the possibility of recovery from a prognostically unfavorable and currently incurable neuropsychiatric disorder, but will also contribute to stopping the large-scale threatening epidemic of neuropsychiatric syndromes in the modern child population. Chapter 5 presents the evolution of views on the problem of Internet addiction, provides information on its prevalence, comorbidity with mental disorders, and provides an overview of modern clinical classifications and psychometric tools for its diagnosis. A single definition of "cyber addiction" is singled out, based on the fact that the object of addiction is interaction with various information resources and technical means. The proposed clinical diagnostic criteria, which are based on the criteria for the diagnosis of mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of psychoactive substances ICD-11, and the characteristics of the boundary with normative behavior when using various information resources and technical means are provided. The development and validation of a new psychodiagnostic screening tool based on the proposed cyber addiction paradigm, the YSCAS scale, is presented. The monograph is intended for doctors and practitioners who are engaged in the search and implementation of effective diagnostic methods to overcome the problems associated with the detection and treatment of certain pathologies. The monograph can also be useful to postgraduate and master's students of universities in the relevant educational and scientific profile.