Tissue Culture and Its Application in Modern Agriculture

Tissue culture is a technique of growing plant cells, tissues and organs in an artificial prepared medium under aseptic conditions, which was invented by Gottlieb Haberlandt in 1902. Plant tissue culture is based on cellular totipotency, dedifferentiation, and redifferentiation. This paper overviews about procedures and applications of tissue culture by the analysis of numerous published studies. Compared to normal plant breeding methods, which take substantially longer, crops produced through tissue culture is developed through accurate and time-saving methods. It enables the recovery of embryos created by incompatible crosses, eliminates the phenomena of seed dormancy seen in plant species, and the life cycle of some species whose life cycles are relatively long are shorten. Even in situations where the species would typically have poor rates of multiplication, tissue culture enables the quick generation of a large number of plants. Also tissue culture required less space for multiplication of clones. An agriculturally valuable phenotype should come from the genetic diversity recovered from tissue culture regenerated plants. There are numerous issues arises in tissue culture. Researchers are having difficulty propagating plant tissues and acclimating in vitro produced plants in their natural habitat. However, greater understanding and study will lead to more widespread use of tissue culture.