Cold Stress in Winter and Spring Rice

In terms of area covering, production, productivity, and preference; Rice is ranked second in worldwide after wheat. Having more than 1,700 land races of rice, Nepal is considered as one of the origins for Asian rice. When there occurs out the variation in the normal temperature range in the plant, the various phenomenon like; Physiological, Cellular, metabolic and molecular disfunction is observed out which leads to death of the plant. At lower temperatures, stress tolerance can be induced by exposure to reduced temperature and is known as chilling tolerance and/or cold acclimation. Chilling tolerance is the ability of a plant to tolerate low temperatures (0–15 ◦C) without injury or damage, while cold acclimation is an enhanced tolerance to the physical and physiochemical vagaries of freezing stress. It limits the geographic distribution of plants and reduces the yield of some crops by shortening their growing season. Rice is mainly considered as a chill sensitive crop. The general aims of the review paper are to identify the various cold stress symptoms seen in rice and also recommend the best solution for removing cold stress on rice i.e., on both farmer level and researcher level. Therefore, this review focuses on the increasing in tolerance level of the cold stress.