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Einkommen und Lohndiskriminierung von Frauen: Trends und Bestimmungsfaktoren

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  • Schäfer, Holger

Abstract

Die weit verbreitete Vermutung, Frauen würden bei gleichwertiger Tätigkeit niedriger entlohnt als Männer, ist empirisch nicht belegbar. Zwar haben Frauen in bestimmten Berufen und Erwerbsformen Nachteile. Doch es gibt auch Tätigkeiten, in denen Frauen mehr verdienen als Männer. Diese Befunde lassen sich in hoch und niedrig qualifizierten Tätigkeiten, in typischen Frauenberufen ebenso wie in typischen Männerdomänen nachweisen. Der Einkommensabstand zwischen Männern und Frauen hat sich seit 1984 deutlich verringert. Dies lässt sich vor allem mit der seit Mitte der 80er-Jahre gestiegenen formalen Qualifikation weiblicher Erwerbstätiger erklären. Problematisch bleiben die immer noch unstetigen Erwerbsbiografien der Frauen, die sich unter anderem an ihren vergleichsweise kurzen Betriebszugehörigkeiten ablesen lassen. Deshalb finden sich nur wenige Frauen in hoch bezahlten Führungspositionen. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Befunde erscheinen gesetzliche Auflagen, mit denen in bestimmten beruflichen Stellungen Frauenquoten umgesetzt werden sollen, wirkungslos. Erfolgsversprechender sind Anreize, die es Frauen ermöglichen, höchste Qualifikationen zu erwerben und ihre Erwerbsbiografien zu verstetigen, beispielsweise durch Kinderbetreuung.

Suggested Citation

  • Schäfer, Holger, 2001. "Einkommen und Lohndiskriminierung von Frauen: Trends und Bestimmungsfaktoren," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 28(3), pages 56-73.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iwktre:156804
    DOI: 10.2373/1864-810X.01-03-03
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