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Mittel- und Osteuropa: Wirtschaftslage nach zehn Jahren Transformation

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  • Berensmann, Kathrin
  • Beyfuß, Jörg

Abstract

Nach zehn Jahren Transformation zeigen sich bei der makroökonomischen Konstitution der Reformstaaten Mittel- und Osteuropas (MOE) immer noch erhebliche Schwächen. Trotz zuletzt höherer Wachstumsdynamik haben die meisten Länder dieser Region das Produktionsniveau, das vor der Wende gemessen worden ist, noch nicht wieder erreicht. Außerdem haben sie erhebliche Schwierigkeiten, die Defizite im Staatshaushalt und in der Leistungsbilanz abzubauen. Dagegen gibt es relativ große, freilich regional sehr unterschiedliche Erfolge bei der Geldwertstabilisierung, beim Exportzuwachs und beim Zufluss von Investivkapital. Empirische Tests zeigen, dass die makroökonomischen Erfolge von den Fortschritten bei den Reformen auf mikroökonomischer Ebene abhängig sind. Mit zunehmender Entfernung vom mitteleuropäischen Kern öffnet sich dabei ein West-Ost-Gefälle. Vor allem in den kleinen GUS-Ländern gibt es Defizite bei der Privatisierung, der Unternehmenskontrolle, der Bankenaufsicht sowie bei der Marktöffnung nach innen und außen. Dagegen schneiden die meisten EU-Beitrittskandidaten bei den mikroökonomischen Reformen und folglich bei der makroökonomischen Konstitution vergleichsweise gut ab.

Suggested Citation

  • Berensmann, Kathrin & Beyfuß, Jörg, 2000. "Mittel- und Osteuropa: Wirtschaftslage nach zehn Jahren Transformation," IW-Trends – Vierteljahresschrift zur empirischen Wirtschaftsforschung, Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft (IW) / German Economic Institute, vol. 27(4), pages 55-73.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:iwktre:156790
    DOI: 10.2373/1864-810X.00-04-04
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    1. Mr. Liam P. Ebrill, 1999. "Tax Reform in the Baltics, Russia, and Other Countries of the Former Soviet Union," IMF Occasional Papers 1999/010, International Monetary Fund.
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