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Openness and Corruption: A Time-Series Analysis

Author

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  • Muhammad Zakaria

    (Department of Economics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan)

Abstract

The paper empirically examines the relationship between trade openness and the level of corruption in Pakistan using annual time-series data for the period 1984 to 2007. The analysis shows that trade openness negatively affects corruption in Pakistan. The results are robust to controlling for other corruption determining variables and various model specifications. Sensitivity analysis shows that economic development and political liberalization reduce corruption levels. Other explanatory variables i.e. human and physical capital, government expenditures, population, inflation and defense expenditures significantly affect corruption in the expected directions.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad Zakaria, 2009. "Openness and Corruption: A Time-Series Analysis," Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, vol. 12(2), pages 1-14, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:zag:zirebs:v:12:y:2009:i:2:p:1-14
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    Cited by:

    1. Adisa Arapoviæ Craig A. Depken, II Mirsad Hadžikadiæ, 2017. "Corruption in Transition Economies: Cause or Effect?," Zagreb International Review of Economics and Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Zagreb, vol. 20(1), pages 113-123, May.
    2. Orhan Cengiz, 2021. "The Political Economics of Trade Openness and Its Impacts on Corruption," Istanbul Journal of Economics-Istanbul Iktisat Dergisi, Istanbul University, Faculty of Economics, vol. 71(71-2), pages 499-525, December.

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