Evaluación del Impacto Económico y la Transparencia Financiera en la Industria Extractiva Ecuatoriana: Año 2018 - 2021

The extractive industry in Ecuador plays a fundamental role in the national economy by generating income and employment. However, financial transparency and the stability of income derived from this sector are matters of concern and debate. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the economic contribution and financial transparency of the extractive industry in Ecuador during the period 2018-2021, focusing on the classification and recording of extractive activities, the volatility and dependence on oil revenues in the General State Budget, and the presentation of financial statements by companies in the sector. To carry out this analysis, a mixed methodology was used, combining documentary and data analysis. Financial reports, official documents, and economic data were examined to evaluate both the financial transparency and the economic impact of the sector. The study's results revealed improvements in financial transparency in recent years, although significant challenges remain. The contribution of the oil sector to the Ecuadorian state has been fluctuating, influenced by variables such as international oil prices and production levels. Despite this variability, extractive companies have progressively increased their contributions to the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute (IESS). In terms of tax obligations, the industry has complied satisfactorily, although a slight decrease in the number of workers has been recorded. This is fundamental to strengthen transparency and accountability in the sector, which in turn will drive sustainable economic and social development in Ecuador.