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Religious, Civil, and Economic Freedoms: What’s the Chicken and What’s the Egg?

Author

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  • Christos Andreas Makridis

    (W. P. Carey School of Business, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA2Institute for the Studies of Religion, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA)

Abstract

This paper studies the relationship between religious liberty and economic freedom. First, three new facts emerge: (a) religious liberty has increased since 1960, but has slipped substantially over the past decade; (b) the countries that experienced the largest declines in religious liberty tend to have greater economic freedom, especially property rights; (c) changes in religious liberty are associated with changes in the allocation of time to religious activities. Second, using a combination of vector autoregressions and dynamic panel methods, improvements in religious liberty tend to precede economic freedom. Finally, increases in religious liberty have a wide array of spillovers that are important determinants of economic freedom and explain the direction of causality. Countries cannot have long-run economic prosperity and freedom without actively allowing for and promoting religious liberty.

Suggested Citation

  • Christos Andreas Makridis, 2021. "Religious, Civil, and Economic Freedoms: What’s the Chicken and What’s the Egg?," Journal of Economics, Management and Religion (JEMAR), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 2(02), pages 1-34, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:wsi:jemarx:v:02:y:2021:i:02:n:s2737436x21500011
    DOI: 10.1142/S2737436X21500011
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    Cited by:

    1. Makridis, Christos A., 2022. "When houses of worship go empty: The effects of state restrictions on well-being among religious adherents," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 149(C).

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