Exploring the dynamics of a four-dimensional Chua-like system: Numerical simulations and hardware investigations

In this work, we employ simulations to investigate deterministic and stochastic dynamics of a system governed by four coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) derived from the canonical three-dimensional Chua model, replacing the piecewise nonlinearity with a cubic function. We employed two simulation approaches: (i) using software — where we performed numerical simulations (digital computation) in the ODEs model, and (ii) using hardware — where we performed experimental studies (analog computation) in the ODEs model. In the initial software-based approach for simulations, we performed stability and bifurcation analyses of the trivial equilibrium point, which were analytically conducted, along with the numerical continuation method. We solved the model using digital computation and explored its intricate dynamical behavior through nonlinear dynamics techniques applied to the parameter planes. In the second approach, employing hardware for simulations through analog computation, we designed an electronic circuit using analog electronics to solve the model in a continuous-time integration. The experimental setup mirrored the numerical simulations, yielding comparable results in terms of dynamical behaviors. This study underscores significant agreement between numerical and experimental findings, highlighting the robustness of the model across digital and analog contexts and offering practical insights into the various nonlinear dynamics presented in this system.