Nanofluid MHD combined convection in a porous chamber with various thermal sources

The impact of various sizes and positions of the heater in a nanofluid-saturated porous lid-driven chamber with a uniform Lorentz force is studied numerically. In this investigation, three different lengths of heater with higher temperature at six different locations along the left sidewall of the cavity are considered. Lower temperature is maintained at the right sidewall. Further, lower and moving upper horizontal walls and the rest of left wall are supposed to be thermally insulated. Based on the finite volume method, the system of nondimensional governing equations is solved by SIMPLE algorithm. The results conclude that the average Nusselt number is reduced with the enhancement of Richardson and Hartmann numbers. When the heater length is reduced from bottom to top, the heat transfer rate is increased for all the considered Richardson, Darcy and Hartmann numbers. In the lower permeability of the porous medium, the effect of solid volume fraction of nanofluid is more vulnerable. In the case of nanofluid, the steady state is reached quickly than the pure fluid.