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Contextuality, Incompatibility And Biased Inference In A Quantum-Like Formulation Of Computational Trust

Author

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  • MEHRDAD ASHTIANI

    (Trustworthy Computing Laboratory, School of Computer Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran)

  • MOHAMMAD ABDOLLAHI AZGOMI

    (Trustworthy Computing Laboratory, School of Computer Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran)

Abstract

Trust models play an important role in computational environments. One of the main aims of the work undertaken in this domain is to provide a model that can better describe the socio-technical nature of computational trust. It has been recently shown that quantum-like formulations in the field of human decision making can better explain the underlying nature of these types of processes. Based on this research, the aim of this paper is to propose a novel model of trust based on quantum probabilities as the underlying mathematics of quantum theory. It will be shown that by using this new mathematical framework, we will have a powerful mechanism to model the contextuality property of trust. Also, it is hypothesized that many events or evaluations in the context of trust can be and should be considered as incompatible, which is unique to the noncommutative structure of quantum probabilities. The main contribution of this paper will be that, by using the quantum Bayesian inference mechanism for belief updating in the framework of quantum theory, we propose a biased trust inference mechanism. This mechanism allows us to model the negative and positive biases that a trustor may subjectively feel toward a certain trustee candidate. It is shown that by using this bias, we can model and describe the exploration versus exploitation problem in the context of trust decision making, recency effects for recently good or bad transactions, filtering pessimistic and optimistic recommendations that may result in good-mouthing or bad-mouthing attacks, the attitude of the trustor toward risk and uncertainty in different situations and the pseudo-transitivity property of trust. Finally, we have conducted several experimental evaluations in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in different scenarios.

Suggested Citation

  • Mehrdad Ashtiani & Mohammad Abdollahi Azgomi, 2014. "Contextuality, Incompatibility And Biased Inference In A Quantum-Like Formulation Of Computational Trust," Advances in Complex Systems (ACS), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 17(05), pages 1-61.
  • Handle: RePEc:wsi:acsxxx:v:17:y:2014:i:05:n:s0219525914500209
    DOI: 10.1142/S0219525914500209
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vyacheslav I. Yukalov & Didier Sornette, 2008. "Mathematical Basis of Quantum Decision Theory," Swiss Finance Institute Research Paper Series 08-25, Swiss Finance Institute.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ashtiani, Mehrdad & Azgomi, Mohammad Abdollahi, 2015. "A survey of quantum-like approaches to decision making and cognition," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 49-80.
    2. Mehrdad Ashtiani & Mohammad Abdollahi Azgomi, 2016. "A formulation of computational trust based on quantum decision theory," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 18(4), pages 735-764, August.

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