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China and Russia as service providers for illiberal governance

Author

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  • Erica Marat
  • Marlene Laruelle
  • Gagan Atreya

Abstract

Illiberal governance is on the rise across the globe. At the same time, China and Russia are expanding their investment and political presence in many countries. Most studies link these two trends—the rise of domestic illiberalism and China's and Russia's growing geopolitical influence—often assuming that both Beijing and Moscow are responsible for the spread of autocratic values across the globe. Instead, we find that China and Russia are leveraging existing illiberal trends to expand their global reach. In this article, we analyze media coverage between 2015 and 2022 in Hungary, Türkiye, and Kyrgyzstan of these countries' respective bilateral relations with China and Russia, and we show that countries pursue their own interests by collaborating with China and Russia, often framing external engagement as a positive political and economic development. Our analysis shows that China's foreign messaging is consolidated around a set of ideals, while Russian engagement is mostly driven by anti‐Western sentiments. 非自由治理在全球范围内呈上升趋势。与此同时,中国和俄罗斯正在许多国家扩大投资和政治影响。大多数研究将这两种趋势联系起来——即国内反自由主义的兴起、以及中国和俄罗斯日益增长的地缘政治影响力——通常假设北京和莫斯科方面都对独裁价值观在全球的传播负有责任。相反,我们发现,中国和俄罗斯正在利用现有的非自由趋势来扩大其全球影响力。本文中,我们分析了2015年至2022年匈牙利、土耳其和吉尔吉斯斯坦的媒体对这些国家各自与中国和俄罗斯的双边关系的报道。我们表明,各国通过与中国和俄罗斯的合作来追求自身利益,通常将对外接触建构为积极的政治发展和经济发展。我们的分析表明,中国的对外信息是围绕一系列理想进行巩固的,而俄罗斯的参与主要是由反西方情绪驱动的。 La gobernanza iliberal está aumentando en todo el mundo. Al mismo tiempo, China y Rusia están ampliando sus inversiones y su presencia política en muchos países. La mayoría de los estudios vinculan estas dos tendencias (el auge del iliberalismo interno y la creciente influencia geopolítica de China y Rusia), asumiendo a menudo que tanto Beijing como Moscú son responsables de la difusión de valores autocráticos en todo el mundo. En cambio, encontramos que China y Rusia están aprovechando las tendencias antiliberales existentes para expandir su alcance global. En este artículo analizamos la cobertura mediática entre 2015 y 2022 en Hungría, Türkiye y Kirguistán de las respectivas relaciones bilaterales de estos países con China y Rusia, y mostramos que los países persiguen sus propios intereses colaborando con China y Rusia, a menudo enmarcando el compromiso externo. como un desarrollo político y económico positivo. Nuestro análisis muestra que los mensajes exteriores de China se consolidan en torno a un conjunto de ideales, mientras que el compromiso ruso está impulsado principalmente por sentimientos antioccidentales.

Suggested Citation

  • Erica Marat & Marlene Laruelle & Gagan Atreya, 2024. "China and Russia as service providers for illiberal governance," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 187(4), pages 387-403, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:187:y:2024:i:4:p:387-403
    DOI: 10.1002/waf2.12044
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