Author
Abstract
Sri Lanka's postindependence history suggests that continuous efforts by the Sinhala‐Buddhist politicians to reject decentralization created anxiety and distrust among minorities. The state used both Sinhala language and Buddhism to accommodate Sinhala‐Buddhist interests and provide cultural security to Sinhala‐Buddhists who feared that the Sinhala race, Buddhism, and heritage would be threatened with destruction by the Tamil and Muslim separatists and extremists. The state forced the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), which demanded a separate state for North and Eastern Tamils, to silence its guns in May 2009. The military defeat of the LTTE did not produce any democratization of the island. Sinhala‐Buddhist extremist forces turned their eyes on Sri Lankan Muslims, whose elites attached to major political parties supported the war against the LTTE. This study examines the politicization of the Sinhala language and Buddhism in Sri Lanka before and after the civil war between the LTTE and the state dominated by the Sinhala‐Buddhists. It argues that Sinhala political elites willingly took measures to centralize power. The major result of centralization is the birth of the state‐seeking, but authoritarian LTTE. It will also provide some useful analysis to examine post‐war tensions between the Muslims and the Sinhala‐Buddhist extremists. Finally, I discuss some solutions to fight the rising authoritarianism to help Sri Lanka enjoy the fruits of modernization and democracy. 斯里兰卡独立后的历史表明,僧伽罗‐佛教徒政客为拒绝权力下放所作的持续努力在少数群体中造成了焦虑和不信任。该国使用僧伽罗语和佛教来适应僧伽罗‐佛教徒的利益,并为僧伽罗‐佛教徒提供文化安全,因为这些教徒担心僧伽罗种族、佛教和遗产会受到泰米尔和穆斯林分离主义者以及极端分子的破坏。2009年5月,政府迫使泰米尔伊拉姆猛虎解放组织(LTTE)噤声,该组织要求在斯里兰卡北部和东部建立一个独立的泰米尔国家。猛虎组织的军事失败并没有给该岛带来任何民主化。僧伽罗‐佛教极端主义势力将目光转向了斯里兰卡穆斯林,他们的精英依附于主要政党,支持对猛虎组织展开战争。本研究分析了猛虎组织与“僧伽罗‐佛教徒统治的国家”之间的内战前后,僧伽罗语和佛教在斯里兰卡的政治化。本文认为,僧伽罗政治精英自愿采取措施来集中权力。中央集权的主要结果则是“寻求国家利益但独裁的”猛虎组织的诞生。本文还将为分析战后穆斯林和僧伽罗‐佛教极端分子之间的紧张关系提供一些有用的分析。最后,我探讨了一些对抗日益兴起的威权主义的解决方案,以帮助斯里兰卡享受现代化和民主的成果。 La historia posterior a la independencia de Sri Lanka sugiere que los continuos esfuerzos de los políticos budistas cingaleses por rechazar la descentralización crearon ansiedad y desconfianza entre las minorías. El Estado utilizó tanto el idioma cingalés como el budismo para dar cabida a los intereses budistas cingaleses y proporcionar seguridad cultural a los budistas cingaleses que temían que la raza, el budismo y el patrimonio cingaleses se vieran amenazados de destrucción por los separatistas y extremistas tamiles y musulmanes. El Estado obligó a los Tigres de la Liberación del Eelam Tamil (LTTE), que exigían un Estado separado para los tamiles del norte y del este, a silenciar sus armas en mayo de 2009. La derrota militar de los LTTE no produjo ninguna democratización de la isla. Las fuerzas extremistas cingalesas‐budistas volvieron sus ojos hacia los musulmanes de Sri Lanka, cuyas élites adscritas a los principales partidos políticos apoyaban la guerra contra los LTTE. Este estudio examina la politización de la lengua cingalés y del budismo en Sri Lanka antes y después de la guerra civil entre los LTTE y el Estado dominado por los budistas cingaleses. Sostiene que las elites políticas cingalesas tomaron voluntariamente medidas para centralizar el poder. El principal resultado de la centralización es el nacimiento de unos LTTE autoritarios pero que buscan un Estado. También proporcionará algunos análisis útiles para examinar las tensiones de posguerra entre musulmanes y extremistas cingaleses‐budistas. Finalmente, analizo algunas soluciones para luchar contra el creciente autoritarismo y ayudar a Sri Lanka a disfrutar de los frutos de la modernización y la democracia.
Suggested Citation
A. R. M. Imtiyaz, 2024.
"The Sinhala‐Buddhicization of the state and the rise of authoritarianism in Sri Lanka,"
World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 187(2), pages 201-212, May.
Handle:
RePEc:wly:woraff:v:187:y:2024:i:2:p:201-212
DOI: 10.1002/waf2.12020
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