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Authoritarianism and majoritarian religious nationalism in contemporary India

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  • Maidul Islam

Abstract

This first article in the 2024 World Affairs special issue examines the Narendra Modi regime in India. Often acerbic political rhetoric is attached to official policies of the regime, creating fear and hopelessness within sections of the population. In this study, five sets of political activities of the government are evaluated. First, cultural authoritarianism became apparent with complicity toward “cow vigilantism,” slapping sedition charges against those showing political dissent, banning the history books of selected progressives, and stereotyping sections of the left and liberals as antinationals. Second, the demonetization policy was implemented without adequately following the economic protocols of the state. Third, the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Bill indicates the thwarting of democratic and federalist ideas. Fourth, the Citizenship Amendment Act and the National Register of Citizens exercise in Assam demonstrate the communal‐fascist worldview of the regime in profiling population groups. Finally, the sloppy handling of the COVID‐19 pandemic and the new Information Technology rules show the government's callous approach toward science and privacy. By analyzing such political activities, the article points out that majoritarian religious nationalism, coupled with authoritarianism, has been the ideological expression of the Modi regime, coexisting with both state surveillance and electoral democracy. 2024 年《世界事务》特刊的第一篇文章分析了印度的纳伦德拉·莫迪政权。尖刻的政治言论常常与政权的官方政策相辅相成,在部分民众中制造恐惧和绝望。本研究评价了政府的五组政治活动。第一,文化威权主义在以下方面变得明显:与“奶牛自警团”(cow vigilantism)共谋、对那些表现出政治异议的人提出煽动罪指控、禁止阅读选定的进步人士的历史书籍、以及将左翼和自由派人士定性为反民族分子。第二,废钞政策的实施没有充分遵循国家的经济协议。第三,《查谟—克什米尔重组法》表明民主和联邦主义思想受到阻碍。第四,阿萨姆邦的《公民身份修正案》和《国家公民登记册》的实施表明了该政权在对人口群体进行分类方面的社区‐法西斯世界观。第五,对新冠肺炎大流行的草率处理和新的信息技术规则表明了政府对科学和隐私的冷酷态度。通过分析此类政治活动,本文指出,多数宗教民族主义与威权主义的结合一直是莫迪政权的意识形态表现,这与国家监督和选举民主并存。 Este primer artículo del número especial de World Affairs 2024 examina el régimen de Narendra Modi en la India. A menudo se adjunta una retórica política mordaz a las políticas oficiales del régimen, lo que genera miedo y desesperanza en sectores de la población. En este estudio se evalúan cinco conjuntos de actividades políticas del gobierno. En primer lugar, el autoritarismo cultural se hizo evidente con la complicidad con el vigilantismo de las vacas, acusando de sedición a quienes mostraban disidencia política, prohibiendo los libros de historia de progresistas seleccionados y estereotipando a sectores de la izquierda y los liberales como antinacionales. En segundo lugar, la política de desmonetización se implementó sin seguir adecuadamente los protocolos económicos del estado. En tercer lugar, el proyecto de ley de reorganización de Jammu y Cachemira indica la frustración de las ideas democráticas y federalistas. En cuarto lugar, la Ley de Enmienda de Ciudadanía y el ejercicio del Registro Nacional de Ciudadanos en Assam demuestran la cosmovisión comunal‐fascista del régimen al perfilar a los grupos de población. Finalmente, el manejo descuidado de la pandemia de COVID‐19 y las nuevas reglas de tecnología de la información muestran el enfoque insensible del gobierno hacia la ciencia y la privacidad. Al analizar tales actividades políticas, el artículo señala que el nacionalismo religioso mayoritario, junto con el autoritarismo, ha sido la expresión ideológica del régimen de Modi, coexistiendo tanto con la vigilancia estatal como con la democracia electoral.

Suggested Citation

  • Maidul Islam, 2024. "Authoritarianism and majoritarian religious nationalism in contemporary India," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 187(2), pages 137-150, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:187:y:2024:i:2:p:137-150
    DOI: 10.1002/waf2.12018
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