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Introduction to the special issue: Authoritarianism and religion in South Asia: Trends and twists

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  • Shafi Md. Mostofa
  • DB Subedi
  • Howard Brasted

Abstract

Religious sentiments have become a potent tool for political elites, altering national identities and citizenship criteria. This manipulation, driven by majoritarian ideologies, has marginalized religious minorities, leading to discrimination, violence, and legal persecution against them. Hindu, Islamic, and Buddhist nationalisms seem to collectively erode secular democracy in South Asia. Moreover, right‐wing populist leaders, notably Modi in India and the Rajapaksas in Sri Lanka, have merged religious nationalism with authoritarian political orientations posing a challenge to democratic foundations and impacting significantly on the dynamics of state and societal relations. This is the context in which this World Affairs 2024 special issue delves into the relationship(s) between religion, politics, and authoritarianism in the South Asian region. It examines the evolving “religion‐politics” nexus or “complex” to explicate the relationship between religion and authoritarianism, particularly with respect to authoritarian governments mobilizing religion as a readily available resource for popular political mobilization, legitimization, and power consolidation. India's BJP employs Hindutva ideology to marginalize minorities, Bangladesh's regime uses Islam for political legitimacy, and Sri Lanka's Sinhala‐Buddhist nationalism fosters exclusionary policies. By fostering social and cultural polarization, this fusion of authoritarianism with religious nationalism poses a serious challenge to the secular state. The articles in this special issue explore these themes comprehensively, delving into the ideological foundations of political decisions and their consequences for marginalized communities. By shedding light on this multifaceted interplay, the collection offers valuable insights into South Asia's sociopolitical landscape, serving as a vital resource for scholars, policy makers, and global observers seeking to understand the region's complex dynamics. 宗教情绪已成为政治精英的有力工具,用于改变民族身份和公民标准。这种由多数主义意识形态驱动的操纵使宗教少数群体边缘化,导致对他们的歧视、暴力和法律迫害。印度教、伊斯兰教和佛教民族主义似乎共同侵蚀了南亚的世俗民主。此外,右翼民粹主义领导人,特别是印度的莫迪和斯里兰卡的拉贾帕克萨家族,将宗教民族主义与威权主义政治取向融合在一起,对民主基础构成挑战,并对国家和社会关系的动态产生重大影响。本期特刊在该情境下深入研究了南亚地区的宗教、政治和威权主义之间的关系。本期特刊分析了不断演变的“宗教与政治”关系或“复合体”,以解释宗教与威权主义之间的关系,特别是关于威权政府将宗教作为一项现成的资源加以动员,以用于大众政治动员、合法化和权力巩固。印度人民党利用印度教特性的意识形态来边缘化少数群体,而孟加拉国政权则利用伊斯兰教获得政治合法性,斯里兰卡的僧伽罗‐佛教民族主义则推行排他性政策。通过促进社会和文化的极化,威权主义与宗教民族主义的融合对世俗国家构成了严峻的挑战。本期《世界事务》特刊收录的文章全面探究了这些主题,研究了政治决策的意识形态基础及其对边缘化社区的影响。通过揭示这种多方面的相互作用,本期文章提供了对南亚社会政治格局的宝贵见解,为寻求理解该地区复杂动态的学者、决策者和全球观察者提供了重要资源。 Los sentimientos religiosos se han convertido en una poderosa herramienta para las elites políticas, alterando las identidades nacionales y los criterios de ciudadanía. Esta manipulación, impulsada por ideologías mayoritarias, ha marginado a las minorías religiosas, lo que ha provocado discriminación, violencia y persecución legal contra ellas. Los nacionalismos hindú, islámico y budista parecen erosionar colectivamente la democracia secular en el sur de Asia. Además, los líderes populistas de derecha, en particular Modi en India y los Rajapaksas en Sri Lanka, han fusionado el nacionalismo religioso con orientaciones políticas autoritarias, lo que plantea un desafío a los fundamentos democráticos y tiene un impacto significativo en la dinámica de las relaciones estatales y sociales. Este es el contexto en el que este número especial de World Affairs 2024 profundiza en la relación entre religión, política y autoritarismo en la región del sur de Asia. Examina la evolución del nexo o “complejo” “religión‐política” para explicar la relación entre religión y autoritarismo, particularmente con respecto a los gobiernos autoritarios que movilizan la religión como un recurso fácilmente disponible para la movilización política popular, la legitimación y la consolidación del poder. El BJP de la India emplea la ideología hindutva para marginar a las minorías, el régimen de Bangladesh utiliza el Islam para obtener legitimidad política y el nacionalismo budista cingalés de Sri Lanka fomenta políticas excluyentes. Al fomentar la polarización social y cultural, esta fusión de autoritarismo con nacionalismo religioso plantea un serio desafío al Estado laico. Los artículos de este número especial exploran estos temas de manera integral, profundizando en los fundamentos ideológicos de las decisiones políticas y sus consecuencias para las comunidades marginadas. Al arrojar luz sobre esta interacción multifacética, la colección ofrece información valiosa sobre el panorama sociopolítico del sur de Asia y sirve como un recurso vital para académicos, formuladores de políticas y observadores globales que buscan comprender la compleja dinámica de la región.

Suggested Citation

  • Shafi Md. Mostofa & DB Subedi & Howard Brasted, 2024. "Introduction to the special issue: Authoritarianism and religion in South Asia: Trends and twists," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 187(2), pages 130-136, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:187:y:2024:i:2:p:130-136
    DOI: 10.1002/waf2.12014
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