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Introduction To The Special Issue

Author

Listed:
  • Omer F. Baris
  • Riccardo Pelizzo

Abstract

This World Affairs 2023 special issue contains six contributions, including this one, exploring some of the key political consequences of traditional beliefs such as magic and superstition in the developing societies of the Global South as well as in certain industrially advanced societies of the Global North. To show why traditional beliefs matter, we provide an explanation in this introduction for why traditional beliefs exist in developing countries, why they survive in developed countries, and why they may become more popular over time. By utilizing a simple game theoretic approach, we explain why rational people can sometimes increase their payoffs by subscribing to a superstition while superstitious people never gain by switching to rationality. In fact, the superstition—which has no causal connection with the natural course of events—may even yield better results, not only for the individual but also for the group. This is the reason why, in the framework of evolutionary stable equilibrium, superstitious people can demographically dominate an entire population over time. In addition to explaining the existence and the persistence (or the popularity) of traditional beliefs, we highlight the key findings presented in the articles included in this special issue. All of them underline a cardinal point: traditional beliefs matter. They shape electoral behavior, they shape attitudes toward democratic governance, and they influence voters’ assessment of political figures and historical events. Precisely because traditional beliefs have such extensive implications for a country's political life, we believe that in the future scholars will have to pay greater attention to such beliefs to have a better understanding of political phenomena and trends. Este número especial de World Affairs 2023 contiene seis contribuciones, incluida esta, que explora algunas de las consecuencias políticas clave de las creencias tradicionales, como la magia y la superstición, en las sociedades en desarrollo del Sur Global, así como en ciertas sociedades industrialmente avanzadas del Norte Global. Para mostrar por qué son importantes las creencias tradicionales, proporcionamos una explicación en esta introducción de por qué existen creencias tradicionales en los países en desarrollo, por qué sobreviven en los países desarrollados y por qué pueden volverse más populares con el tiempo. Al utilizar un enfoque de teoría de juegos simple, explicamos por qué las personas racionales a veces pueden aumentar sus ganancias suscribiéndose a una superstición, mientras que las personas supersticiosas nunca ganan al cambiar a la racionalidad. De hecho, la superstición, que no tiene una conexión causal con el curso natural de los acontecimientos, puede incluso dar mejores resultados, no solo para el individuo sino también para el grupo. Esta es la razón por la que, en el marco de un equilibrio evolutivo estable, las personas supersticiosas pueden dominar demográficamente a toda una población a lo largo del tiempo. Además de explicar la existencia y la persistencia (o la popularidad) de las creencias tradicionales, destacamos los hallazgos clave presentados en los artículos incluidos en este número especial. Todos ellos subrayan un punto cardinal: las creencias tradicionales importan. Dan forma al comportamiento electoral, dan forma a las actitudes hacia la gobernabilidad democrática e influyen en la evaluación de los votantes sobre figuras políticas y eventos históricos. Precisamente porque las creencias tradicionales tienen implicaciones tan amplias para la vida política de un país, creemos que en el futuro los académicos deberán prestar mayor atención a dichas creencias para tener una mejor comprensión de los fenómenos y tendencias políticas. 2023年《世界事务》特刊收录了包括本文在内的六篇文章,探究了魔法和迷信等传统信仰在全球南方发展中国家以及在全球北方工业发达国家的政治结果。为了说明为何传统信仰很重要,我们在本篇导论中解释了传统信仰存在于发展中国家和发达国家的原因,以及为何传统信仰可能逐渐变得更加流行。通过利用简单的博弈论方法,我们解释了为何理性的人有时可以通过迷信来增加他们的回报,而迷信的人永远不会通过转向理性而获得收益。事实上,迷信与事件的自然进程没有因果关系,甚至可能对个人和群体都产生更好的结果。这就是为什么在进化稳定均衡框架下,迷信的人能逐渐成为整个人口的大多数。除了解释传统信仰的存在、持续或流行之外,我们还强调了本期特刊文章中提出的主要发现:传统信仰很重要。传统信仰能影响选举行为,影响对民主治理的态度,影响选民对政治人物和历史事件的评估。正因为传统信仰对一个国家的政治生活具有如此广泛的影响,我们相信未来学者必须更加关注这些信仰,以更好地理解政治现象和趋势。

Suggested Citation

  • Omer F. Baris & Riccardo Pelizzo, 2023. "Introduction To The Special Issue," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 186(4), pages 852-868, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:186:y:2023:i:4:p:852-868
    DOI: 10.1177/00438200231202996
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