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Symmetric Interests And Attention Patterns In Asymmetry

Author

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  • Thomas Ameyaw‐Brobbey
  • Dennis Senam Amable

Abstract

This article uses the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to examine the asymmetric relationship between China and Kazakhstan under a proposed framework—symmetric interest. It breaks from the domination–submission, divergent stakes, interests, patterns, and misperception perspectives characterizing asymmetry to show how asymmetric relations in a non‐external security context elucidate peaceful relations. Under what conditions do asymmetric relationships defy misperception and confrontation to produce peaceful cooperation? How is the BRI likely to manage China's asymmetric relationship with Kazakhstan? The study argues that asymmetric relations within domestic security and other non‐external military security issue areas engender peaceful cooperation. This peaceful cooperation emerges because the stakes and interests of the parties become more symmetrical in absolute terms; thus managing misperceptions and associated confrontation. We propose a framework of symmetric interest and employ the cases of China and Kazakhstan to test the hypotheses and support the conclusion. Beyond providing an alternative perspective in the asymmetry literature, we lastly offer a discussion of the policy relevance. Este artículo utiliza la Iniciativa Belt and Road (BRI) para examinar la relación asimétrica entre China y Kazajstán bajo un marco propuesto: interés simétrico. Rompe con la dominación–sumisión, las apuestas, intereses y patrones divergentes y las perspectivas de percepción errónea que caracterizan la asimetría para mostrar cómo las relaciones asimétricas en un contexto de seguridad no externa aclaran las relaciones pacíficas. ¿Bajo qué condiciones las relaciones asimétricas desafían la percepción errónea y la confrontación para producir una cooperación pacífica? ¿Cómo es probable que el BRI gestione la relación asimétrica de China con Kazajistán? El estudio argumenta que las relaciones asimétricas dentro de la seguridad interna y otras áreas temáticas de seguridad militar no externa generan una cooperación pacífica. Esta cooperación pacífica se debe a que las apuestas y los intereses de las partes se vuelven más simétricos en términos absolutos. Por lo tanto, gestionar las percepciones erróneas y la confrontación asociada. Proponemos un marco de interés simétrico y empleamos los casos de China y Kazajstán para probar las hipótesis y apoyar la conclusión. Más allá de proporcionar una perspectiva alternativa en la literatura sobre asimetría, este estudio tiene relevancia política. 本文使用“一带一路”倡议(BRI)来分析所提出的对称利益框架下中国和哈萨克斯坦的不对称关系。本文打破了以不对称为特征的支配‐服从视角、不同的利害关系视角、利益和模式视角、以及错误感知视角,展示了非外部安全背景下的不对称关系如何阐明和平关系。不对称关系在什么情况下能克服错误感知和对抗,进而产生和平合作?BRI可能如何处理中国与哈萨克斯坦的不对称关系?我们论证认为,国内安全和其他非外部军事安全问题领域内的不对称关系会产生和平合作。这种和平合作是因为各方的利害关系在绝对意义上更加对称,因此能应对错误感知和相关的对抗。我们提出了一项对称利益框架,并利用中国和哈萨克斯坦的案例来检验假设并支持结论。除了为不对称文献提供另一种观点外,本研究还具有政策相关性。

Suggested Citation

  • Thomas Ameyaw‐Brobbey & Dennis Senam Amable, 2023. "Symmetric Interests And Attention Patterns In Asymmetry," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 186(2), pages 353-383, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:186:y:2023:i:2:p:353-383
    DOI: 10.1177/00438200231167831
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