Author
Listed:
- Tahir Mahmood Azad
- Muhammad Waqas Haider
- Muhammad Sadiq
Abstract
This study examines the dynamics of gray zone warfare by analyzing its conceptualization in the literature and through its practice in several recent examples. Ever‐increasing changes in the characteristics of contemporary warfare have complicated the security environment of the 21st century. Modern warfare inclines toward non‐kinetic dimensions based on the principles of hybridity, soft power, and ambiguity. This changing nature of warfare has been defined and categorized in diverse ways, leading to numerous perspectives revealing more confusion than clarity. The terms “hybrid warfare,” “gray zone warfare,” “unrestricted warfare,” and “ambiguous warfare” have received unprecedented attention in recent years. A key contemporary challenge is to differentiate between war and peace because gray zone warfare occupies the space in between both these situations. Many contemporary conflicts are neither black nor white; instead, they fall in the middle of the two: the gray zone. These factors underscore the significance of evaluating and understanding the concept of gray zone warfare. The United States considers Russia, China, and Iran as revisionist states that employ gray zone warfare in various domains to challenge the United States‐led world order. South Asia is also a manifested playground of gray zone warfare. The research further distinguishes between gray zone warfare and hybrid warfare and proposes strategies for countering this threat. Esta investigación examina la dinámica de la guerra en la zona gris mediante la evaluación de estudios de casos de la época contemporánea. Las guerras y las guerras siguen evolucionando debido a los avances en el campo de la ciencia y la tecnología. Los cambios cada vez mayores en las características de la guerra contemporánea han complicado el entorno de seguridad en el siglo XXI. La guerra moderna se inclina hacia dimensiones no cinéticas basadas en los principios de hibridez, poder blando y ambigüedad. Esta naturaleza cambiante de la guerra se ha definido y categorizado en diversidad, y existen numerosas perspectivas en todo el mundo. Los términos “Guerra híbrida,” “Guerra en la zona gris,” “Guerra sin restricciones” y “Guerra ambigua” han recibido una atención sin precedentes en los últimos años. El mayor desafío de los tiempos contemporáneos es diferenciar entre guerra y paz porque la guerra de zona gris ocupa el espacio entre ambas situaciones. Estos conflictos no son blancos ni negros, sino que caen en el medio de los dos, que es la zona gris. Estos factores subrayan la importancia de evaluar y comprender el concepto de guerra de zona gris. Estados Unidos considera a Rusia, China e Irán como estados revisionistas que emplean la guerra de zona gris en varios dominios para desafiar el orden mundial liderado por Estados Unidos. El sur de Asia también es un campo de juego manifiesto de la guerra de la zona gris. La investigación distingue además entre la guerra de zona gris y la guerra híbrida y propone estrategias para contrarrestar esta amenaza. 本研究通过评价当代案例研究,对灰区战的动态进行了分析。战争因科学技术领域的进步而不断发展。当代战争特点的不断变化,使21世纪的安全环境复杂化。现代战争向基于混合、软实力和模糊性原则的非动力维度倾斜。这种不断变化的战争性质已存在多种定义和分类,并且世界各地存在许多观点。近年来,“混合战”、“灰区战”、“超限战”、“模糊战”等术语受到了前所未有的关注。当代最大的挑战是区分战争与和平,因为灰区战位于这两种情况之间。这些冲突并不是非黑即白,而是位于两者之间,即灰区。这些因素强调了评价和理解灰区战概念的重要性。美国将俄罗斯、中国和伊朗视为修正主义国家,后者在不同领域利用灰区战挑战美国主导的世界秩序。南亚也是灰区战的一个明显地区。本研究进一步区分了灰区战与混合战,并提出了应对这种威胁的策略。
Suggested Citation
Tahir Mahmood Azad & Muhammad Waqas Haider & Muhammad Sadiq, 2023.
"Understanding Gray Zone Warfare From Multiple Perspectives,"
World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 186(1), pages 81-104, March.
Handle:
RePEc:wly:woraff:v:186:y:2023:i:1:p:81-104
DOI: 10.1177/00438200221141101
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