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Trapped By Sovereignty

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  • Noam Schimmel

Abstract

This article examines the legal contours of the international law regime as it relates to internally displaced people (IDPs) and assesses it critically. It analyzes the structural legal and humanitarian injustices from which IDPs suffer as a result of often arbitrary distinctions between them and refugees in international refugee law, international human rights law, and international humanitarian law. It explores how IDPs do not have the same explicit, dedicated legal protections in international law as refugees who have fled their countries of origin and crossed an international border. It argues that precisely because IDPs lack international legal protections, their rights and needs are often overlooked and met with indifference and lack of sufficient humanitarian response from the United Nations, its agencies and member states, and global humanitarian NGOs. It discusses efforts to recognize a specific set of international legal rights for IDPs, why they have been stymied for several decades, and the practical consequences in terms of human rights deferred and denied and human welfare undermined for IDPs and their increasing vulnerability and disadvantage. Finally, it presents ways of improving respect for and fulfillment of the human rights of IDPs. Este artículo examina los contornos legales del régimen de derecho internacional en lo que se refiere a los desplazados internos y los evalúa críticamente. Analiza las injusticias jurídicas y humanitarias estructurales que sufren los desplazados internos (IDP) como resultado de las distinciones a menudo arbitrarias entre ellos y los refugiados en el derecho internacional de los refugiados, el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos y el derecho internacional humanitario. Explora cómo los desplazados internos no tienen las mismas protecciones legales específicas y explícitas en el derecho internacional que los refugiados que huyeron de sus países de origen y cruzaron una frontera internacional. Argumenta que precisamente porque los desplazados internos carecen de protección legal internacional, sus derechos y necesidades a menudo se pasan por alto y se enfrentan con indiferencia y falta de respuesta humanitaria suficiente por parte de las Naciones Unidas, sus agencias y estados miembros, y las ONG humanitarias globales. Discute los esfuerzos para reconocer un conjunto específico de derechos legales internacionales para los desplazados internos, por qué han sido bloqueados durante varias décadas y las consecuencias prácticas en términos de derechos humanos diferidos y negados y el bienestar humano socavado para los desplazados internos y su creciente vulnerabilidad y desventaja. Finalmente, presenta formas de mejorar el respeto y cumplimiento de los derechos humanos de los desplazados internos. 本文分析了与国内流离失所者(IDP)相关的国际法制度的法律概况,并对其进行了批判性评估。本文分析了因国际难民法、国际人权法和国际人道主义法经常任意区分 IDP 与难民而导致前者遭受的结构性法律及人道主义不公。本文探究了 IDP 如何在国际法中没有“与逃离原籍国并越过国际边界的难民”一样的明确且专门的法律保护。本文论证认为,正是由于 IDP 缺乏国际法律保护,其权利和需求往往被忽视,并且联合国及其机构和成员国以及全球人道主义非政府组织对此漠不关心,缺乏足够的人道主义响应。本文探讨了用于认可一组适用于 IDP 的特定国际法律权利的举措,探讨了为何几十年来 IDP 一直受到阻碍、其人权被推迟和拒绝、人类福利受到损害、以及其越来越多的脆弱性方面的实际后果。最后,本文提出了一系列更好地尊重和实现 IDP 人权的方法。

Suggested Citation

  • Noam Schimmel, 2022. "Trapped By Sovereignty," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 185(3), pages 500-529, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:185:y:2022:i:3:p:500-529
    DOI: 10.1177/00438200221104498
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