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Does Disparity In Income And Consumption Ever Incite Terrorism In Africa?

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  • Kazeem Bello Ajide
  • Olorunfemi Yasiru Alimi

Abstract

Does disparity in income and consumption incite terrorism in Africa? To answer this important question, we investigate the empirical linkages between inequality and terrorism by separately regressing income and consumption inequalities on four indicators of terrorism: domestic, transnational, unclear, and total over the period 1980–2012. Employing a negative binomial regression across a panel dataset covering 46 African economies, the following findings are established. First, both income and consumption inequalities have decreasing impacts on all terrorism measures—with the exception of uncertain terrorism (the impact of which is negligible). Second, both income and consumption inequalities exert more statistical influence on transnational terrorism than domestic terrorism. Third, income inequality exerts more statistical weight on terrorism measures than consumption inequality across the model specifications. Last, the non‐trivial impact of confounding variables—such as the lagged value of terrorism, surface areas, and conflicts—are validated across the terrorism models. In line with these empirical outcomes, policy implications and suggestions for further studies are offered. ¿La disparidad en los ingresos y el consumo incita alguna vez al terrorismo en África? Para responder a esta importante pregunta, esta investigación investiga los vínculos empíricos entre la desigualdad y el terrorismo, mediante la regresión por separado de las desigualdades de ingresos y consumo en cuatro indicadores de terrorismo: doméstico, transnacional, poco claro y total durante el período 1980–2012. Empleando una regresión binomial negativa en un conjunto de datos de panel que cubre 46 economías africanas, se establecen los siguientes hallazgos. Primero, tanto las desigualdades de ingresos como de consumo tienen impactos decrecientes en todas las medidas de terrorismo, con la excepción del terrorismo incierto, cuyo impacto es insignificante. En segundo lugar, las desigualdades de ingresos y consumo ejercen más influencia estadística sobre el terrorismo transnacional que el terrorismo nacional. En tercer lugar, la desigualdad de ingresos tiene más peso estadístico en las medidas de terrorismo que la desigualdad de consumo en las especificaciones del modelo. Por último, los impactos no triviales de las variables de confusión, como el valor rezagado del terrorismo, las áreas superficiales y los conflictos, se validan en todos los modelos de terrorismo. De acuerdo con estos resultados empíricos, se ofrecen implicaciones políticas y sugerencias para estudios adicionales. 收入和消費的差距是否曾在非洲煽動恐怖主義?為了回答這個重要問題,本調查通過分別對 1980 年至 2012 年期間的國內、跨國、不明確和總體恐怖主義的四個指標對收入和消費不平等進行回歸,研究了不平等與恐怖主義之間的實證聯繫。在涵蓋 46 個非洲經濟體的面板數據集上採用負二項式回歸,得出以下結果。首先,收入和消費不平等對所有恐怖主義措施的影響都在下降——不確定的恐怖主義除外,其影響可以忽略不計。其次,收入和消費不平等對跨國恐怖主義的統計影響大於國內恐怖主義。第三,在整個模型規範中,收入不平等對恐怖主義措施的統計權重大於消費不平等。最後,混雜變量的重要影響——例如恐怖主義的滯後值、表面區域和衝突——在恐怖主義模型中得到驗證。根據這些實證結果,提供了政策含義和進一步研究的建議。

Suggested Citation

  • Kazeem Bello Ajide & Olorunfemi Yasiru Alimi, 2021. "Does Disparity In Income And Consumption Ever Incite Terrorism In Africa?," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 184(3), pages 339-380, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:184:y:2021:i:3:p:339-380
    DOI: 10.1177/00438200211035126
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