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The Role Of Confidence‐Building Measures In The Evolution Of Relations Between Pakistan And India

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  • Muhammad W. Haider
  • Tahir M. Azad

Abstract

This article critically analyzes the role of confidence‐building measures (CBMs) in the evolution of relations between Pakistan and India. Relations between these two nuclear‐armed states remain in turmoil even after 73 years of independence. The study begins with an overview of the relations/conflicts and a brief history of diplomatic engagements between the two countries since independence from British rule in 1947. We explain the theoretical framework of CBMs by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the CBMs approach. Subsequently, we analyze several significant confidence‐building initiatives between the two countries in various domains of bilateral relations and identify the spoilers affecting relations between the two countries. Research suggests that Pakistan and India require a comprehensive and integrated approach for CBMs in political, military, economic, environmental, and social domains to foster an environment of mutual trust and peaceful coexistence. Este artículo analiza críticamente el papel de las medidas de fomento de la confianza (CBM) en la evolución de las relaciones entre Pakistán e India. Las relaciones entre estos dos estados con armas nucleares siguen siendo turbulentas incluso después de 73 años de independencia. Este estudio comienza con una descripción general de las relaciones/conflictos y una breve historia de los compromisos diplomáticos entre los dos países desde la independencia del dominio británico en 1947. Explico el marco teórico de las CBM analizando las fortalezas y debilidades del enfoque CBM. Posteriormente, examino las importantes iniciativas de fomento de la confianza entre los dos países en varios ámbitos de las relaciones bilaterales e identifico los saboteadores en las relaciones entre los dos países. La investigación sugiere que Pakistán y la India requieren un enfoque integral e integrado para las CBM en los ámbitos político, militar, económico, ambiental y social para fomentar un entorno de confianza mutua y coexistencia pacífica. 本文批判分析了信心建立措施 (CBMs) 在印巴关系发展中的作用。这两个核大国之间的关系在独立73年后仍然处于动荡之中。本研究首先概述了印巴关系/冲突并简要描述了自1947年从英国统治独立以来两国之间的外交接触史。我通过分析CBM的优缺点, 进而解释CBMs的理论框架。随后, 我分析了两国双边关系的多个领域中的显著“信心建立倡议” (Confidence Building Initiatives), 并识别了两国关系的障碍。研究暗示, 巴基斯坦和印度在政治、军事、经济、环境、社会领域方面需要全面的、综合的CBMs方法, 以期培养相互信任和和平共处的环境。

Suggested Citation

  • Muhammad W. Haider & Tahir M. Azad, 2021. "The Role Of Confidence‐Building Measures In The Evolution Of Relations Between Pakistan And India," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 184(3), pages 294-317, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:184:y:2021:i:3:p:294-317
    DOI: 10.1177/00438200211030222
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